Cisplatin nephrotoxicity: a summary of preventative interventions.

Nephrotoxicity is usually the dose-limiting toxicity associated with cisplatin therapy. Frequently the nephrotoxicity is mild and reversible. However, it is both dose-related and cumulative and may become life-threatening and irreversible at higher dosages. Many interventions such as vigorous hydration, osmotic or loop diuretics, and alterations of infusion times have been evaluated in the hope of ameliorating this serious toxicity, and are summarized. More recently, hypertonic NaCl 0.9% has been reported to decrease the incidence of cisplatin nephrotoxicity. In addition, newer platinum analogs are currently undergoing clinical trials to ascertain if they retain the antitumor properties of cisplatin but produce less toxicity.