Pathogenesis and management of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy in the term newborn.

The pathogenesis and management of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy in the term infant is reviewed. Specifically, the potential significance of a variety of factors on the pathogenesis of brain injury is discussed including changes in cerebral blood flow, brain swelling, carbohydrate status, alterations in ion homeostasis, and synaptic activity. Management is reviewed in terms of prevention, supportive care, corrections of metabolic derangements, control of seizures, and prevention of fluid overload.