Choline and ethanolamine glycerophospholipid synthesis in isolated synaptosomes of rat brain.

Substantial activities of cholinephosphotransferase (EC 2.7.8.2) and ethanolaminephosphotransferase (EC 2.7.8.1) were found with lysed synaptosomes but not with intact synaptosomes isolated from adult rat brains. Synaptosomal and non-synaptosomal microsomal transferases were similar in kinetic properties. Substantial activities of synaptosomal transferases have not been described previously. Part of the glycerophospholipids in synaptosomal membranes may be synthesized in the nerve ending in addition to the glycerophospholipids supplied by axonal transport. The synthesis of the alkylacyl type of choline and ethanolamine glycerophospholipids was moderately inhibited by 1 mM ATP and 1 microM cyclic AMP. This synthesis was also inhibited by more than 50% by 1 mM norepinephrine and to a lesser extent by 5 mM hydroxytryptamine and 1 mM acetylcholine. Cyclic AMP may mediate the effects of biogenic amines. The relative synthesis of different glycerophospholipid classes and the relative proportion of alkylacyl type (plasmalogen precursors) and diacyl type of glycerophospholipids may be influenced by the levels of adenine nucleotides and/or biogenic amines. Elevated cyclic AMP levels will decrease the synthesis of plasmalogen precursors.