Acute pyelonephritis as a cause of late transplant dysfunction.

In a renal transplant recipient, acute pyelonephritis of the allograft developed in association with acute deterioration of renal function. No other cause of renal dysfunction was delineated, and the serum creatinine level promptly returned to baseline with antimicrobial therapy. Acute pyelonephritis is an important cause of late transplant dysfunction, and prompt diagnosis and treatment result in complete recovery of renal function.