Biological actions of human and rat calcitonin and calcitonin gene-related peptide.

We assessed the central and peripheral biological actions of human and rat calcitonin and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP). After intravenous administration, human and rat calcitonin, but neither human nor rat CGRP significantly decreased plasma calcium and phosphorus concentrations in awake, freely moving rats. After intracerebroventricular as well as after intravenous administration, human and rat calcitonin and human and rat CGRP significantly inhibited gastric acid secretion in conscious rats. Intracerebroventricular administration of rat calcitonin did not alter plasma calcium and phosphorus concentrations. Linear, partially protected CGRP and calcitonin did not exhibit any biological effects. These studies indicate that calcitonin, but not CGRP, affects calcium and phosphorus homeostasis while both peptides decrease gastric acid secretion similarly. Furthermore, these studies support the hypothesis that the calcium and phosphorus lowering effects of calcitonin are peripheral while the gastric inhibiting actions of the calcitonin and CGRP are mediated by the central nervous system.