Chronic pain. Characteristics, assessment, and treatment plans.

Management of chronic pain is not a simple task. Pain is a complex, multifaceted perceptual experience. For effective management, the physician needs the patient's cooperation and personal commitment. Many chronic pain patients become preoccupied with their pain and gradually lose interest in social activities, or they may use their pain to avoid anxiety-producing situations. Chronic pain therapy instituted by the primary care physician demands a coordinated approach using pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic treatment methods. When necessary, appropriate treatment by subspecialty physicians and by psychologists and other paramedical personnel should be coordinated.