Cytosine-arabinoside-induced colitis and peritonitis: nonoperative management.

Cytosine arabinoside is known to cause severe gastrointestinal side effects in an already very ill patient population. Three cases are reviewed in which apparent surgical peritonitis was managed conservatively, with very careful clinical monitoring. Two of the patients recovered completely, and one died of systemic fungal infection. No patient had a surgically remediable condition, and all were extremely poor surgical risks. A review of our experience and the literature leads us to recommend careful conservative management in patients receiving cytosine arabinoside who appear to have a "surgical abdomen," but in whom a definitive surgical diagnosis cannot be made.