Bruxism and its effect on the natural teeth.

Bruxism is one of the most prevalent, complex, and destructive dental functional disorders. It is difficult to identify, especially in its early stages, because most patients are unaware of the habit. Although many factors contribute to the etiology of the disorder, there is little valid and reliable clinical research to assure a correct diagnosis. The effects of bruxism are multiple and diverse and include temporomandibular joint pain and dysfunction, head and neck pain, tooth wear, mobility, erosion, abrasion, loss of and damage to supporting structures, muscle pain and spasm, disturbance of esthetics, and interference and oral comfort. Treatment may be simple or complex, depending on the nature of the disorder. More severe disorders are difficult to treat, and the prognosis may be questionable. Because the diagnosis and treatment of bruxism is inadequately defined and poorly understood, carefully designed clinical research projects are encouraged.