An aerodynamic study of Korean stop consonants: measurements and modeling.

Measurements were made of intraoral air pressure and oral flow of ten native speakers uttering word pairs contrasting Korean fortis and lenis voiceless stop consonants in initial position. The production of fortis stops was found to be characterized by a higher intraoral pressure before release, yet a lower oral flow after release, than corresponding lenis stops. Possible reasons for this difference were explored with the use of a computer implemented aerodynamic model, giving an output of air pressure and flow. Input parameters were adjusted in accordance with known or hypothesized variations in glottal area function, vocal tract wall tension, respiratory muscle force, and supraglottal cavity volume, as given in the literature. In addition to the previously known differences in glottal area, it is inferred from the results of the modeling experiment that fortis stops are produced with greater vocal tract wall tension than lenis stops. Speaker-specific production strategies such as larynx lowering and heightened subglottal pressure during fortis stops and differences noted between word pairs are also discussed.