[Biomedical image analysis by mathematical morphology (author's transl)].

There coexist two types of biomedical image analysers, namely the specialized and the universal ones. This distinction corresponds to the one separating pattern recognition from structural analysis. Only specialized devices can give rise to full automation. Mathematical morphology turns out to be a common theoretical background for both kinds of analysers. It defines the logical conditions according to which quantization is possible, and provides a comprehensive class of algorithms.