Improved surgical approach to cardiac tumors with intraoperative two-dimensional echocardiography.

Intraoperative two-dimensional echocardiography allows visualization of cardiac anatomy and function not possible by other techniques. Although preoperative evaluation by noninvasive methods is usually adequate for diagnosis of cardiac tumors, two-dimensional echocardiography can be beneficial intraoperatively. Intraoperative echocardiography provides an accurate evaluation of cardiac anatomy, extent of tumor invasion, valvular function and the possible presence of intracardiac communications. Importantly, following tumor resection and a complex operative reconstructive procedure, the echocardiogram can confirm complete intracardiac tumor excision, evaluate post-repair ventricular function, and exclude an intracardiac communication or valvular insufficiency.