Protection against canine distemper virus in dogs after immunization with isolated fusion protein.

Canine distemper virus attachment (hemagglutinin [H] equivalent) and fusion (F) antigens were purified by affinity chromatography with monoclonal antibodies. The purified antigens were used to immunize groups of three dogs. Radioimmune precipitation assays with sera from these animals showed that the F antigen preparation was pure and induced only an F polypeptide-specific antibody response but that the H antigen preparation had a slight contamination by the F antigen. Immunized animals were challenged with virulent canine distemper virus. Two animals in each group developed pronounced humoral and cellular immune responses after challenge. Among these infected animals, only the dogs immunized with H antigen developed symptoms, albeit mild. In contrast, three nonimmunized control animals developed severe disease, with a fatal outcome in two cases. The complete resistance against challenge in two dogs was interpreted to reflect in one case anti-F immunity and in the other case most likely a high level of anti-H immunity. It is suggested that the F antigen may be of particular interest for the development of morbillivirus and possibly other paramyxovirus subunit or synthetic vaccines, because it can induce immunity capable of blocking virus infection and in situations of virus replication prevent the emergence of symptoms.