Serodiagnosis of inapparent caseous lymphadenitis in goats and sheep, using the synergistic hemolysis-inhibition test.

The synergistic hemolysis-inhibition (SHI) test, a serologic test for the detection of infection with Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis, was applied to serum samples from 196 goats and 76 sheep, including animals both with and without C pseudotuberculosis abscesses. Fifty-one of 52 (98%) goats and 27 of 28 (96%) sheep with abscesses caused by C pseudotuberculosis had seropositive titers. Seropositivity continued on subsequent samplings, even after superficial lesions were completely healed. The SHI test may detect subclinically infected animals, as well as animals with clinically recognizable lesions. Of the animals without abscesses, 53 of 186 (28%) goats and 4 of 41 (10%) sheep were seropositive. Either the SHI test is lacking in specificity or these titers are a reflection of a past or a current infection without any grossly visible abscesses.