A cluster-analytic classification of smoking relapse episodes.

Using reports of relapse crises collected through a relapse prevention hotline, this paper develops a taxonomy of relapse situations. Cluster analysis resulted in four clusters. Social situations are characterized by social drinking and exposure to smoking. Relaxation situations are marked by relaxation, usually after a meal. Work situations take place during work when the exsmoker is feeling anxious. Upset situations occur when the exsmoker is feeling anxious or depressed while home alone. These situations were significantly discriminated by their scores on the McKennel Smoking Motivation Scales, suggesting a connection between smoking patterns and relapse. Behavioral coping was less likely and relapse more likely in social and upset situations. The frequency of coping accounted for the higher relapse rates in Upset, but not in social situations. Relapse was nearly inevitable among people who failed to cope behaviorally in social situations, suggesting that they are especially tempting.