Impaired acetaldehyde metabolism in patients with non-alcoholic liver disorders.

In order to determine the specificity of abnormalities of alcohol metabolism in patients with alcoholic liver disease, blood acetaldehyde concentrations after oral ethanol challenge and the activities of alcohol metabolising enzymes in liver biopsy samples have been determined in patients with alcoholic liver disease and a wide variety of non-alcoholic liver disorders. Significant decreases in hepatic cytosolic aldehyde dehydrogenase activity were associated with significant increases in acetaldehyde concentrations after ethanol in both patient groups compared with control subjects. There was a significant correlation between hepatic cytosolic aldehyde dehydrogenase and mean blood acetaldehyde concentration 30-180 min after ethanol ingestion (y = 17.4-0.45x; r = -0.56; p less than 0.01) confirming the importance of this enzyme in controlling blood acetaldehyde concentrations. These findings suggest that disturbances in alcohol metabolism in patients with alcoholic liver disease are the consequence of liver damage rather than a specific abnormality predisposing to alcohol induced liver injury.