Pre-stereoptic binocular vision in infants.

In a preferential looking experiment, identical patterns (vertical stripes) were presented to both eyes on one of two screens while orthogonal patterns (vertical stripes in one eye and horizontal stripes in the other) were presented on the other screen. Most infants younger than 3.5 months of age originally showed a preference for the dichoptic (interocularly orthogonal) pattern. At an average age of 3.5 months, however, they showed a sudden shift of preference from this pattern to the interocularly identical pattern. The full shift from a preference for one stimulus to the other (both statistically significant) occurred within a few weeks in most cases. The onset age of the shift in preference agreed with the onset age of fusion-rivalry discrimination found in a previous study (Birch et al., 1985). The original preference for the bincularly orthogonal patterns may be interpreted as a preference for a grid (interocularly emergent intersections) over a grating, judging from results of two control experiments. These data suggest that the pre-stereoptic system non-selectively combines information from the two eyes without regard to edge orientation because it loses eye-of-origin information at a relatively early stage of binocular visual processing. Thus, the pre-stereoptic system does not have the capability of interocular suppression. The theoretical and clinical significance of the new findings are discussed along with a neuronal model of cortical development of ocular segregation and binocular pathways.