The facial "motor" nerve of the rat: control of vibrissal movement and examination of motor and sensory components.

Rhythmical whisking of the mystacial vibrissae at about 7 Hz during exploration is one of the most conspicuous behavioral patterns in the rat. To identify the final common pathway for vibrissal movement, individual motor branches of the facial nerve, including the posterior auricular, temporal, zygomatic, buccal, marginal mandibular, cervical, stylohyoid, and posterior digastric branches, were cut, either singly or in various combinations. We found that vibrissal movement could be abolished only by transection involving the buccal branch and the upper division of the marginal mandibular branch. To trace back the central origins of the buccal and marginal mandibular, as well as the other branches of the facial nerve, all distal to the stylomastoid foramen, horseradish peroxidase (HRP) was applied to the cut proximal ends of these individual branches. The retrograde HRP labelling in the facial motor nucleus revealed topographical representation of these branches in which the buccal and marginal mandibular branches were represented laterally. The stylohyoid and posterior digastric branches originated from cells in the suprafacial nucleus. Consistent with earlier observations with intramuscular HRP injections, the motoneuronal population devoted to vibrissal movement did not seem to be substantially larger than that for other facial movements. An additional examination was made of the labelled afferent component of the facial motor nerve. We confirmed and extended previous findings that none of the above facial motor nerve branches, except the posterior auricular branch, contained a significant number of afferent fibers originating from the geniculate ganglion, the sensory ganglion of the seventh nerve. In addition, no labelling was seen in the mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus or trigeminal ganglion. These findings, in combination, suggest that, with the exception of the posterior auricular branch, all the facial motor nerve branches, including those involved in vibrissal movement, are almost entirely efferent.