Men, women, and religion: stress within leadership roles.

Stress in religious leaders was investigated by administering to 250 priests, ministers, seminarians, nuns, and brothers the specially devised Religion and Stress Questionnaire and the Osipow and Spokane Occupational Environment Scales, Personal Strain Questionnaire, and Personal Resources Questionnaire. In-depth interviews were also conducted with 10% of the subjects. Religious leaders experienced lower overall occupational stress and personal strain and evidenced more personal resources than did the normative population. ANOVAs showed ministers to have the highest overall occupational environment stress and vocational strain and next to the lowest scores in overall personal resources of the five groups of religious professionals. In terms of sensitivity to the stress that women in seminary and ministry experience, male and female seminarians and ministers were most aware of these issues, with priests (males only), nuns, and then brothers (in descending order) sensitive to these concerns.