Electrokinetic model of cochlear hair cell motility.

Recent experiments have shown that isolated outer hair cells of the cochlea can vibrate under the influence of a transcellular oscillating electric field. Since high voltages have been measured in the cochlea, this result might suggest a basis for electromechanical feedback. A mechanical model of the hair cell has been developed and adapted to test the electrokinetic theory of motility, a postulate of which is that cochlear voltage gradients act on charged proteins embedded in the cell membrane to deform the cell. From the model it was deduced that the amount of charge density required is within the physiologic range. The significant result is that the amplitude of cell elongation for a fixed voltage amplitude is virtually constant for frequency less than a certain cutoff. The value of this frequency depends on the various physical parameters of the system and especially on the spacing between cells. Power transfer to the basilar membrane appears to peak near the cutoff frequency, and the amount is not very dependent on cell length, but is highly dependent on cell spacing.