Complications in colonoscopy.

Colonoscopy, when performed for appropriate indications and by experienced, competent personnel, is a remarkably safe procedure. The occasional complications which occur may be the result of pneumatic, mechanical or electrical injuries to the colon or may develop as secondary disorders involving other organ systems. Most complications can be successfully prevented by adequately preparing both the endoscopist and the patient and by avoiding colonoscopy when specific contraindications are present. Should complications occur, their management generally follows established surgical principles. Even though colonoscopy has made a dramatic impact upon the diagnosis of and therapy for disease of the large intestines, it is important for practitioners to be mindful of its limitations. Future developments, applied rationally, can be expected to extend its usefulness and further improve its safety.