Inhibition of leukocyte chemotaxis by factor in alloxan-induced diabetic rat plasma.

The early local exudative cellular reaction in an inflammatory lesion was impaired in alloxan-induced diabetic rats due to reduced migration of neutrophils to the inflamed area. Neutrophils, however, were capable of moving from reserve compartments into blood in these animals. Furthermore, the functional integrity of their surface membranes, assessed by the capacity of the cells to adhere to nylon fiber, was not altered by alloxan diabetes. An intrinsic cellular defect also did not occur, because the cells were capable of responding to chemotactic stimuli in the Boyden chamber system, provided they were suspended in Eagle's medium or normal serum. Suspended in the corresponding diabetic serum, a blockade of the chemotactic response was observed. Increasing concentrations of diabetic serum, added to a suspension containing neutrophils collected from normal donors, progressively inhibited the response of the cells to a chemotactic stimulus. Hyperglycemia alone or hyperosmolality secondary to hyperglycemia, the presence of ketone bodies, or a direct effect of alloxan did not explain the results. In addition, the capacity to generate chemotactic factors remained intact in diabetic serum. Pretreatment of the diabetic animals with insulin resulted in a gradual recovery of the chemotactic response in vivo and in vitro. We conclude that alloxan-induced diabetic rat serum contains a substance that inhibits neutrophil chemotaxis and that insulin administration is essential for the clearance of this substance from plasma.