Forward and inverse electrocardiographic calculations using resistor network models of the human torso.

An automated method of modelling the electrical properties of the human thorax from horizontal section data such as computerized tomographic scans has been used to develop both forward and inverse transformations between epicardial and body surface potential distributions. Eleven torso models with varying geometry and organ configurations have been studied. For the forward calculations, a standard dipole-like source is placed along the axis of the heart. Inverse calculations are performed using a measured body surface potential distribution and are based on a division of the surface of the heart into 25 source regions, producing epicardial potentials on these regions. A regularization method is used to stabilize the inverse solutions. Both forward and inverse solutions show substantial differences between models. These findings imply that matching models with patient geometry may be necessary in order to use such solutions in a clinical setting.