Physiological role of skeletal muscle glycogen in starved mice.

To study the physiological role of skeletal muscle glycogen in starved animals, effects of starvation on glycogen and glycogen phosphorylase (EC 2.4.1.1.) activity were studied in muscle fibers (morphologic study) and in whole muscles (biochemical study) of the rectus femoris muscle of mouse. Glycogen content in the liver of the starved animals was also measured. PAS reaction, strong in muscle fibers of fed animals, became weak predominantly in type IIB fibers after 2 days and almost disappeared after 4 days of starvation. Glycogen particles, numerous in the sarcoplasm between myofibrils of muscle fibers, decreased markedly predominantly in type IIB fibers after 2 days and almost disappeared after 4 days. Phosphorylase a activity, undetected in fibers of fed mice, appeared weak in type IIB fibers and very weak in type IIA fibers after 2 days and became moderate in type IIB fibers and weak in type IIA fibers after 4 days. Muscle glycogen content did not differ by 16 hours from the values of corresponding fed animals. However, liver glycogen content had already decreased after 8 hours and markedly so after 12 hours. The results support our hypothesis-"skeletal muscle glycogen is used for maintaining the blood glucose level in starved mice" (Hirose et al.: Anat. Rec., 216:133-138, 1986)-and show that type IIB fibers play a main role in maintaining the glucose level and that muscle glycogen is utilized after depletion of liver glycogen.