Separation of protein synthesis initiation factor eIF4A from a p220-associated cap binding complex activity.

A cap binding complex activity was purified from HeLa cells by a procedure which does not depend on the use of cap-affinity chromatography. The activity co-purified with a Mr 220,000 polypeptide (p220), but not with eIF4A. The active complex therefore differs from eIF4F, the complex purified by cap analog-affinity chromatography, in that it lacks the Mr 50,000 subunit which is antigenically identical to eIF4A. The activities of eIF4F, CBP I and the eIF4A-free complex purified here were compared in a fractionated system translating capped globin mRNA. Results indicate that the two complexes have similar activities and that they perform a function which cannot be provided by CBP I alone. Cap binding complex activity can be partly separated from eIF4A activity on sucrose gradients, thus eIF4A provides a function that is distinct from cap binding complex activity. The results indicate that eIF4A can be physically separated from the cap binding complex without affecting the ability of the remaining structure to function in an in vitro translation system. They suggest that the eIF4A-free complex may provide a function that is not a property of either CBP I or of eIF4A, but may be a property of p220.