Mehdi Yahia-Cherif1, Chifra Fenton2, Thomas Bonnet2, Olivier De Witte3, Stéphane Simon4, Viviane De Maertelaer5, Benjamin Mine2, Florence Lefranc3, Boris Lubicz2. 1. Department of Neurosurgery, Hôpital Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 808 route de Lennik, 1070, Brussels, Belgium. mehdiyc@gmail.com. 2. Department of Interventional Neuroradiology, Hôpital Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium. 3. Department of Neurosurgery, Hôpital Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 808 route de Lennik, 1070, Brussels, Belgium. 4. Department of Medical Physics, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium. 5. Department of Biostatistics, IRIBHM, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium.
Abstract
PURPOSE: Embolization of arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) before radiosurgery has been reported to negatively impact the obliteration rate. This study aims to assess treatment outcomes in a series of 190 patients treated by Gamma Knife radiosurgery (GKRS) for previously embolized AVMs. METHODS: The institutional database of AVMs was retrospectively reviewed between January 2004 and March 2018. The clinical and radiological data of patients treated with GKRS for previously embolized AVMs were analyzed. Predicting factors of obliteration and hemorrhage following GKRS were assessed with univariate and multivariate regression analyses. RESULTS: The mean AVM size was significantly reduced after embolization (p < 0.001). The obliteration rate was 78.4%. Multivariate analyses showed that a lower Spetzler-Martin grade (p = 0.035) and a higher marginal dose (p = 0.007) were associated with obliteration. Post-GKRS hemorrhages occurred in 14 patients (7.4%). A longer time between diagnosis and GKRS was the only factor associated with post-GKRS hemorrhages in multivariate analysis (p = 0.022). Complications related to the combined treatment were responsible for a new permanent neurological disability in 20 patients (10.5%), and a case of death (0.5%). CONCLUSIONS: This study shows that the embolization of AVMs does not have a negative impact on the obliteration rate after radiosurgery. Embolization reduces the AVM size to a treatable volume by GKRS. However, the combined treatment results in an increased complication rate related to the addition of the risks of each treatment modality.
PURPOSE: Embolization of arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) before radiosurgery has been reported to negatively impact the obliteration rate. This study aims to assess treatment outcomes in a series of 190 patients treated by Gamma Knife radiosurgery (GKRS) for previously embolized AVMs. METHODS: The institutional database of AVMs was retrospectively reviewed between January 2004 and March 2018. The clinical and radiological data of patients treated with GKRS for previously embolized AVMs were analyzed. Predicting factors of obliteration and hemorrhage following GKRS were assessed with univariate and multivariate regression analyses. RESULTS: The mean AVM size was significantly reduced after embolization (p < 0.001). The obliteration rate was 78.4%. Multivariate analyses showed that a lower Spetzler-Martin grade (p = 0.035) and a higher marginal dose (p = 0.007) were associated with obliteration. Post-GKRS hemorrhages occurred in 14 patients (7.4%). A longer time between diagnosis and GKRS was the only factor associated with post-GKRS hemorrhages in multivariate analysis (p = 0.022). Complications related to the combined treatment were responsible for a new permanent neurological disability in 20 patients (10.5%), and a case of death (0.5%). CONCLUSIONS: This study shows that the embolization of AVMs does not have a negative impact on the obliteration rate after radiosurgery. Embolization reduces the AVM size to a treatable volume by GKRS. However, the combined treatment results in an increased complication rate related to the addition of the risks of each treatment modality.
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