Marc Schargus1,2, E M Zimzik3, L Fuhrmann4, G Geerling3. 1. Department of Ophthalmology, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Moorenstraße, 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany. marc.schargus@gmx.de. 2. Department of Ophthalmology, Asklepios Hospital Nord-Heidberg, Hamburg, Germany. marc.schargus@gmx.de. 3. Department of Ophthalmology, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Moorenstraße, 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany. 4. Department of Ophthalmology, Asklepios Hospital Nord-Heidberg, Hamburg, Germany.
Abstract
PURPOSE: The use of face masks has been proposed to cause or exacerbate the symptoms of dry eye disease (DED), which has been widely discussed under the term mask-associated dry eye (MADE). However, no studies have systematically investigated tear film parameters during the use of different face masks. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to investigate clinically relevant parameters of the tear film before and during the short-time use of face masks in dry and normal eyes. METHODS: In a prospective study, the tear film parameters of 42 DED patients and 42 healthy volunteers were examined while wearing different types of face masks in a randomized order. This included measurements of non-invasive tear break-up time (NIBUT), lipid layer thickness, tear meniscus height, and bulbar redness after 30 min of wearing no mask, a surgical face mask or an FFP2/K95 mask. The equivalence of the means was assessed using the two one-sided t-test (TOST) method. RESULTS: In healthy volunteers' lipid layer thickness, NIBUT and tear meniscus height were not significantly altered by 30 min of surgical or FFP2 mask wear (p > 0.016). The use of either type of mask was significantly associated with decreased bulbar redness (p < 0.001) in healthy eyes. In patients with DED, none of the tear film parameters or bulbar redness were significantly altered by 30 min of mask wear (p > 0.016). CONCLUSIONS: Based on these results, the short-term wearing of face masks, regardless of type, did not produce a significant difference in tear film parameters of lipid layer thickness, NIBUT, and tear meniscus in healthy or dry eyes, while bulbar redness was reduced after mask wear only in healthy volunteers.
PURPOSE: The use of face masks has been proposed to cause or exacerbate the symptoms of dry eye disease (DED), which has been widely discussed under the term mask-associated dry eye (MADE). However, no studies have systematically investigated tear film parameters during the use of different face masks. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to investigate clinically relevant parameters of the tear film before and during the short-time use of face masks in dry and normal eyes. METHODS: In a prospective study, the tear film parameters of 42 DED patients and 42 healthy volunteers were examined while wearing different types of face masks in a randomized order. This included measurements of non-invasive tear break-up time (NIBUT), lipid layer thickness, tear meniscus height, and bulbar redness after 30 min of wearing no mask, a surgical face mask or an FFP2/K95 mask. The equivalence of the means was assessed using the two one-sided t-test (TOST) method. RESULTS: In healthy volunteers' lipid layer thickness, NIBUT and tear meniscus height were not significantly altered by 30 min of surgical or FFP2 mask wear (p > 0.016). The use of either type of mask was significantly associated with decreased bulbar redness (p < 0.001) in healthy eyes. In patients with DED, none of the tear film parameters or bulbar redness were significantly altered by 30 min of mask wear (p > 0.016). CONCLUSIONS: Based on these results, the short-term wearing of face masks, regardless of type, did not produce a significant difference in tear film parameters of lipid layer thickness, NIBUT, and tear meniscus in healthy or dry eyes, while bulbar redness was reduced after mask wear only in healthy volunteers.
Authors: Jeremy Howard; Austin Huang; Zhiyuan Li; Zeynep Tufekci; Vladimir Zdimal; Helene-Mari van der Westhuizen; Arne von Delft; Amy Price; Lex Fridman; Lei-Han Tang; Viola Tang; Gregory L Watson; Christina E Bax; Reshama Shaikh; Frederik Questier; Danny Hernandez; Larry F Chu; Christina M Ramirez; Anne W Rimoin Journal: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A Date: 2021-01-26 Impact factor: 12.779