Background: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a specific type of pervasive developmental disorder, and most studies suggest that the onset of autism may be related to genetic and immune factors. The etiology of autism and the underlying molecular events need to be further addressed. Methods: The ASD-related dataset GSE18123 was downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was used to screen for Gene Ontology (GO) terms and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways that may be associated with autism. The top 5,000 genes with an absolute median difference were obtained, and a co-expression network was constructed using weighted correlation network analysis (WGCNA). In addition, GO and KEGG enrichment analyses were performed for genes in the modules most closely related to ASD. Hub genes were found in the significant modules, and the expression values and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves of the hub genes were analyzed and validated. Immune cell infiltration in ASD was calculated using the CIBERSORT algorithm, and the relationship between hub genes and immune cells was analyzed. Finally, GSEA was used to explore the potential pathways of hub genes affecting ASD. Results: The 5,000 DEGs were divided into eight significant modules by WGCNA. The green module was most significantly associated with ASD, and two hub genes [fatty acid-binding protein 2 (FABP2) and Janus kinase 2 (JAK2)] were found. Immune cell infiltration showed that resting dendritic cells and monocytes differed significantly in ASD and healthy individuals. FABP2 was significantly associated with memory B cells and CD8 T cells. JAK2 was significantly associated with monocytes, CD4 activated memory T cells, CD4 resting memory T cells, activated dendritic cells, gamma delta T cells, regulatory T cells (Tregs), CD8 T cells, and naïve CD4 T cells. FABP2 and JAK2 were found to affect multiple pathways of immunity. Conclusions: FABP2 and JAK2 may influence the immune microenvironment of ASD by regulating immune cells and immune-related pathways and are candidate molecular markers for the development of ASD. 2022 Annals of Translational Medicine. All rights reserved.
Background: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a specific type of pervasive developmental disorder, and most studies suggest that the onset of autism may be related to genetic and immune factors. The etiology of autism and the underlying molecular events need to be further addressed. Methods: The ASD-related dataset GSE18123 was downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was used to screen for Gene Ontology (GO) terms and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways that may be associated with autism. The top 5,000 genes with an absolute median difference were obtained, and a co-expression network was constructed using weighted correlation network analysis (WGCNA). In addition, GO and KEGG enrichment analyses were performed for genes in the modules most closely related to ASD. Hub genes were found in the significant modules, and the expression values and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves of the hub genes were analyzed and validated. Immune cell infiltration in ASD was calculated using the CIBERSORT algorithm, and the relationship between hub genes and immune cells was analyzed. Finally, GSEA was used to explore the potential pathways of hub genes affecting ASD. Results: The 5,000 DEGs were divided into eight significant modules by WGCNA. The green module was most significantly associated with ASD, and two hub genes [fatty acid-binding protein 2 (FABP2) and Janus kinase 2 (JAK2)] were found. Immune cell infiltration showed that resting dendritic cells and monocytes differed significantly in ASD and healthy individuals. FABP2 was significantly associated with memory B cells and CD8 T cells. JAK2 was significantly associated with monocytes, CD4 activated memory T cells, CD4 resting memory T cells, activated dendritic cells, gamma delta T cells, regulatory T cells (Tregs), CD8 T cells, and naïve CD4 T cells. FABP2 and JAK2 were found to affect multiple pathways of immunity. Conclusions: FABP2 and JAK2 may influence the immune microenvironment of ASD by regulating immune cells and immune-related pathways and are candidate molecular markers for the development of ASD. 2022 Annals of Translational Medicine. All rights reserved.
Authors: Ahmed Nadeem; Sheikh F Ahmad; Naif O Al-Harbi; Laila Y Al-Ayadhi; Mohammed M Alanazi; Ali S Alfardan; Sabry M Attia; Mohammad Algahtani; Saleh A Bakheet Journal: Int Immunopharmacol Date: 2022-02-16 Impact factor: 4.932
Authors: José Manuel López-Cacho; Soledad Gallardo; Manuel Posada; Miriam Aguerri; David Calzada; Teodoro Mayayo; Carlos Lahoz; Blanca Cárdaba Journal: J Investig Med Date: 2016-06-13 Impact factor: 2.895
Authors: Sheikh F Ahmad; Mushtaq A Ansari; Ahmed Nadeem; Saleh A Bakheet; Laila Y Al-Ayadhi; Moureq R Alotaibi; Ali R Alhoshani; Musaad A Alshammari; Sabry M Attia Journal: Mol Immunol Date: 2018-12-24 Impact factor: 4.407
Authors: Holly K Harris; Tojo Nakayama; Jenny Lai; Boxun Zhao; Nikoleta Argyrou; Cynthia S Gubbels; Aubrie Soucy; Casie A Genetti; Victoria Suslovitch; Lance H Rodan; George E Tiller; Gaetan Lesca; Karen W Gripp; Reza Asadollahi; Ada Hamosh; Carolyn D Applegate; Peter D Turnpenny; Marleen E H Simon; Catharina M L Volker-Touw; Koen L I van Gassen; Ellen van Binsbergen; Rolph Pfundt; Thatjana Gardeitchik; Bert B A de Vries; LaDonna L Immken; Catherine Buchanan; Marcia Willing; Tomi L Toler; Emily Fassi; Laura Baker; Fleur Vansenne; Xiadong Wang; Julian L Ambrus; Madeleine Fannemel; Jennifer E Posey; Emanuele Agolini; Antonio Novelli; Anita Rauch; Paranchai Boonsawat; Christina R Fagerberg; Martin J Larsen; Maria Kibaek; Audrey Labalme; Alice Poisson; Katelyn K Payne; Laurence E Walsh; Kimberly A Aldinger; Jorune Balciuniene; Cara Skraban; Christopher Gray; Jill Murrell; Caleb P Bupp; Giulia Pascolini; Paola Grammatico; Martin Broly; Sébastien Küry; Mathilde Nizon; Iqra Ghulam Rasool; Muhammad Yasir Zahoor; Cornelia Kraus; André Reis; Muhammad Iqbal; Kevin Uguen; Severine Audebert-Bellanger; Claude Ferec; Sylvia Redon; Janice Baker; Yunhong Wu; Guiseppe Zampino; Steffan Syrbe; Ines Brosse; Rami Abou Jamra; William B Dobyns; Lilian L Cohen; Anne Blomhoff; Cyril Mignot; Boris Keren; Thomas Courtin; Pankaj B Agrawal; Alan H Beggs; Timothy W Yu Journal: Genet Med Date: 2021-03-03 Impact factor: 8.864
Authors: Aaron M Newman; Chih Long Liu; Michael R Green; Andrew J Gentles; Weiguo Feng; Yue Xu; Chuong D Hoang; Maximilian Diehn; Ash A Alizadeh Journal: Nat Methods Date: 2015-03-30 Impact factor: 28.547
Authors: María Fatima Garcés Da Silva; Yamil Adrian Guarin; Yenny Carrero; Hilda Stekman; María Luisa Núñez Bello; Celsy Hernández; Rafael Apitz; Mercedes Fernández-Mestre; Germán Camejo Journal: J Cardiovasc Dev Dis Date: 2018-09-13