Myeong-Hun Lim1,2, Jong-Uk Won1,2,3, Won-Tae Lee1,2,3, Min-Seok Kim1,2,3, Seong-Uk Baek1,2,4, Jin-Ha Yoon1,2,5. 1. Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea. 2. The Institute for Occupational Health, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea. 3. Graduate School of Public Health, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea. 4. Graduate School, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea. 5. Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
Abstract
Background: In modern society, depression is serious issue that causes socioeconomic and family burden. To decrease the incidence of depression, risk factors should be identified and managed. Among many risk factors for depression, this study examined socioeconomic risk factors for depression. Methods: We utilized first (2006), second (2008), and third (2010)-wave data from the Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging (KLoSA). Depressive symptom was measured with the 10-item Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale, Short Form (CES-D-10) in the survey in 2008 and 2010. Three risk factors including job security, employment type and monthly income were measured in the survey in 2006. The association between risk factors and depressive symptom was analyzed by Cox proportional-hazard model. Results: We analyzed data from 1,105 workers and hazard ratios (HRs) for 3 risk factors were significant entirely. In addition, regular worker with high income group is the most vulnerable group of poor job insecurity on depression among male workers (HR: 1.73; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.07-2.81). Finally, HRs for 7 groups who had at least 1 risk factor had higher HRs compared to groups who had no risk factors after stratifying 3 risk factors. In the analysis, significantly vulnerable groups were total 5 groups and the group who had highest HR was temporary/daily workers with poor job security (HR: 2.51; 95% CI: 1.36-4.64). The results concerning women, regardless of job type, were non-significant. Conclusions: This study presented one or more risk factors among poor job security, low income, temporary/daily employment type increase hazard for depressive symptom in 2 or 4 years after the exposure. These results inform policy to screen for and protect against the risk of depression in vulnerable groups.
Background: In modern society, depression is serious issue that causes socioeconomic and family burden. To decrease the incidence of depression, risk factors should be identified and managed. Among many risk factors for depression, this study examined socioeconomic risk factors for depression. Methods: We utilized first (2006), second (2008), and third (2010)-wave data from the Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging (KLoSA). Depressive symptom was measured with the 10-item Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale, Short Form (CES-D-10) in the survey in 2008 and 2010. Three risk factors including job security, employment type and monthly income were measured in the survey in 2006. The association between risk factors and depressive symptom was analyzed by Cox proportional-hazard model. Results: We analyzed data from 1,105 workers and hazard ratios (HRs) for 3 risk factors were significant entirely. In addition, regular worker with high income group is the most vulnerable group of poor job insecurity on depression among male workers (HR: 1.73; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.07-2.81). Finally, HRs for 7 groups who had at least 1 risk factor had higher HRs compared to groups who had no risk factors after stratifying 3 risk factors. In the analysis, significantly vulnerable groups were total 5 groups and the group who had highest HR was temporary/daily workers with poor job security (HR: 2.51; 95% CI: 1.36-4.64). The results concerning women, regardless of job type, were non-significant. Conclusions: This study presented one or more risk factors among poor job security, low income, temporary/daily employment type increase hazard for depressive symptom in 2 or 4 years after the exposure. These results inform policy to screen for and protect against the risk of depression in vulnerable groups.
Authors: Paul E Greenberg; Ronald C Kessler; Howard G Birnbaum; Stephanie A Leong; Sarah W Lowe; Patricia A Berglund; Patricia K Corey-Lisle Journal: J Clin Psychiatry Date: 2003-12 Impact factor: 4.384
Authors: K Gémes; Y Forsell; I Janszky; K D László; A Lundin; A Ponce De Leon; K J Mukamal; J Moller Journal: Acta Psychiatr Scand Date: 2019-05-06 Impact factor: 6.392
Authors: Nuria Matilla-Santander; Emily Ahonen; Maria Albin; Sherry Baron; Mireia Bolíbar; Kim Bosmans; Bo Burström; Isabel Cuervo; Letitia Davis; Virginia Gunn; Carin Håkansta; Tomas Hemmingsson; Christer Hogstedt; Johanna Jonsson; Mireia Julià; Katarina Kjellberg; Bertina Kreshpaj; Wayne Lewchuk; Carles Muntaner; Patricia O'Campo; Cecilia Orellana; Per-Olof Östergren; Eva Padrosa; Marisol E Ruiz; Christophe Vanroelen; Emilia Vignola; Alejandra Vives; David H Wegman; Theo Bodin Journal: Int J Health Serv Date: 2021-01-11 Impact factor: 1.663