Ahmed Hamden Al-Jedai1,2, Hajer Yousef Almudaiheem3, Dema Abdulrahman Alissa3, Hadi Saeed Al-Enazy4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11, Ghazwa B Korayem12, Ahlam Alghamdi13,14, Shabab Alghamdi15. 1. Therapeutic Affairs, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. 2. Clinical Pharmacy, Colleges of Pharmacy and Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. 3. Therapeutic Affairs Deputyship, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. 4. Department of Family Medicine, Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia. 5. Department of Emergency Medicine and Resuscitation, Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia. 6. Department of Simulation and Medical Education, Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia. 7. Wellness Institute, Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia. 8. Central Board for Accreditation of Healthcare Institutions, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. 9. Council of Health Insurance, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. 10. Family Medicine Scientific Committee, The Saudi Commission for Health Specialities, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. 11. Eastern Province Office, Saudi Society of Family Medicine, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. 12. Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. 13. Princess Nourah University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. 14. Pharmaceutical Care Services, King Abdullah Bin Abdulaziz University Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. 15. Council of Cooperative Health Insurance, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The burden of macro- and microvascular complications in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is substantial in Middle East countries. The current study assessed the healthcare resource utilization (HCRU) and costs related to cardiovascular and renal complications among patients with T2DM. METHODOLOGY: This non-interventional, longitudinal, retrospective, cohort study collected secondary data from three insurance claims databases across Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) of patients diagnosed with T2DM. The study included adult patients aged ≥18 years diagnosed with first cardiovascular disease (CVD) during index time period and at least one T2DM claim anytime during the study time period. The primary analyses were conducted per database, stratified by three cohorts; patients with at least one claim every six months during the 1-year pre-index and 1-year post-index period (cohort 1), patients with at least one claim every six months during the 1-year pre-index, and two years post-index period (cohort 2) and patients with at least one claim every six months during the 1-year pre-index and 3-year post-index period (cohort 3). For each Payer database, demographics, CVD subgroups, HCRU, and costs were analysed. Descriptive statistics were used to analyse the data. RESULTS: The study sample comprised of 72-78% male and 22-28% female T2DM patients with CVD and renal complications. Patients in the age group of 35-65 years or above contributed to the significant disease burden. Nearly 68 to 80% of T2DM patients developed one CVD event, and 19 to 31% of patients developed multiple CVD events during the follow-up period. For most patients with comorbid CVD and renal disease, the average HCRU cost for post‑index periods was higher compared to 1-year pre-index period across the different visit types and activities. CONCLUSION: The study findings elucidates the need for early initiation of therapies that would reduce the long-term cardiovascular and renal outcomes and the associated costs in patients with T2DM.
BACKGROUND: The burden of macro- and microvascular complications in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is substantial in Middle East countries. The current study assessed the healthcare resource utilization (HCRU) and costs related to cardiovascular and renal complications among patients with T2DM. METHODOLOGY: This non-interventional, longitudinal, retrospective, cohort study collected secondary data from three insurance claims databases across Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) of patients diagnosed with T2DM. The study included adult patients aged ≥18 years diagnosed with first cardiovascular disease (CVD) during index time period and at least one T2DM claim anytime during the study time period. The primary analyses were conducted per database, stratified by three cohorts; patients with at least one claim every six months during the 1-year pre-index and 1-year post-index period (cohort 1), patients with at least one claim every six months during the 1-year pre-index, and two years post-index period (cohort 2) and patients with at least one claim every six months during the 1-year pre-index and 3-year post-index period (cohort 3). For each Payer database, demographics, CVD subgroups, HCRU, and costs were analysed. Descriptive statistics were used to analyse the data. RESULTS: The study sample comprised of 72-78% male and 22-28% female T2DM patients with CVD and renal complications. Patients in the age group of 35-65 years or above contributed to the significant disease burden. Nearly 68 to 80% of T2DM patients developed one CVD event, and 19 to 31% of patients developed multiple CVD events during the follow-up period. For most patients with comorbid CVD and renal disease, the average HCRU cost for post‑index periods was higher compared to 1-year pre-index period across the different visit types and activities. CONCLUSION: The study findings elucidates the need for early initiation of therapies that would reduce the long-term cardiovascular and renal outcomes and the associated costs in patients with T2DM.
Authors: Suma Vupputuri; Teresa M Kimes; Michael O Calloway; Jennifer B Christian; David Bruhn; Alan A Martin; Gregory A Nichols Journal: J Diabetes Complications Date: 2013-10-07 Impact factor: 2.852