Kazunari Nishiyama1,2, Yukihide Nishimuara3,4,5, Jason S Au6,7, Yoshi-Ichiro Kamijo1,6,8, Takashi Moriki1, Yuki Mukai1,6, Yasunori Umemoto1,6, Ken Kouda1, Takahiro Ogawa1,9,10, Fumihiro Tajima1,6. 1. Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, 641-8509, Japan. 2. Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Iwate Medical University, Yahaba-cho, 028-3695, Japan. 3. Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, 641-8509, Japan. ynishi@iwate-med.ac.jp. 4. Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Iwate Medical University, Yahaba-cho, 028-3695, Japan. ynishi@iwate-med.ac.jp. 5. Medical Center for Health Promotion and Sports Science, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, 640-8033, Japan. ynishi@iwate-med.ac.jp. 6. Medical Center for Health Promotion and Sports Science, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, 640-8033, Japan. 7. Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada. 8. Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Dokkyo Medical University Saitama Medical Center, Koshigaya, 343-8555, Japan. 9. Chuzan Hospital Clinical Education and Research Center, Okinawa, 904-2151, Japan. 10. Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Aichi Medical University, Aichi, 480-1195, Japan.
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN: Experimental study. OBJECTIVES: To compare lipid profiles during moderate-intensity exercise between persons with cervical spinal cord injuries (SCIC) and able-bodied controls (AB). SETTING: Wakayama Medical University, Japan. METHODS: Six participants with SCIC and six AB performed 30-min arm-crank exercise at 50% VO2peak. Blood samples were collected before (PRE), immediately (POST), and 60 min after exercise (REC). Concentrations of serum free fatty acids ([FFA]s), total ketone bodies ([tKB]s), acetoacetic acid ([AcAc]s), insulin ([Ins]s), and plasma catecholamines and glucose ([Glc]p) were assessed. RESULTS: Catecholamine concentrations in SCIC were lower than AB throughout the experiment (P < 0.001) and remained unchanged, while increased at POST in AB (P < 0.01). [FFA]s remained unchanged in both groups with no differences between groups. [tKB]s in SCIC tended to increase at REC from PRE (P = 0.043), while remaining unchanged in AB (P > 0.42). [AcAc]s in SCIC increased at REC from PRE and POST (P < 0.01) while remaining unchanged in AB (interactions of Group × Time P = 0.014). [Glc]p and [Ins]s were comparable between the groups throughout the study. CONCLUSION: Serum ketone bodies in SCIC increased after exercise while remaining unchanged in AB, suggesting that suppressed uptakes of serum ketone bodies from blood to the muscles in SCIC would partially contribute the increased serum ketones.
STUDY DESIGN: Experimental study. OBJECTIVES: To compare lipid profiles during moderate-intensity exercise between persons with cervical spinal cord injuries (SCIC) and able-bodied controls (AB). SETTING: Wakayama Medical University, Japan. METHODS: Six participants with SCIC and six AB performed 30-min arm-crank exercise at 50% VO2peak. Blood samples were collected before (PRE), immediately (POST), and 60 min after exercise (REC). Concentrations of serum free fatty acids ([FFA]s), total ketone bodies ([tKB]s), acetoacetic acid ([AcAc]s), insulin ([Ins]s), and plasma catecholamines and glucose ([Glc]p) were assessed. RESULTS: Catecholamine concentrations in SCIC were lower than AB throughout the experiment (P < 0.001) and remained unchanged, while increased at POST in AB (P < 0.01). [FFA]s remained unchanged in both groups with no differences between groups. [tKB]s in SCIC tended to increase at REC from PRE (P = 0.043), while remaining unchanged in AB (P > 0.42). [AcAc]s in SCIC increased at REC from PRE and POST (P < 0.01) while remaining unchanged in AB (interactions of Group × Time P = 0.014). [Glc]p and [Ins]s were comparable between the groups throughout the study. CONCLUSION: Serum ketone bodies in SCIC increased after exercise while remaining unchanged in AB, suggesting that suppressed uptakes of serum ketone bodies from blood to the muscles in SCIC would partially contribute the increased serum ketones.