| Literature DB >> 36238610 |
Abstract
Acute ischemic stroke is one of the leading causes of disability and death around the world, especially in developed countries. Since the introduction of the 2nd generation devices, endovascular treatment of acute ischemic stroke has rapidly developed and is now considered to be a standard treatment. Here, we summarize the results of recent randomized clinical trials that have compared endovascular thrombectomy with conventional treatment for acute stroke and review the indications, current devices, and endovascular thrombectomy methods used. CopyrightsEntities:
Year: 2020 PMID: 36238610 PMCID: PMC9431927 DOI: 10.3348/jksr.2020.81.3.562
Source DB: PubMed Journal: Taehan Yongsang Uihakhoe Chi ISSN: 1738-2637
Comparison of Papulation and Sampling Frame among the Five Randomized Trials
| MR CLEAN (10) | ESCAPE (11) | EXTEND IA (13) | SWIFT PRIME (12) | REVASCAT (14) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. of patients | 500 | 315 | 70 | 196 | 206 |
| Age, years | ≥ 18 | ≥ 18 | ≥ 18 | 18–85 | 18–80 |
| NIHSS score | ≥ 18 | ≥ 18 | ≥ 18 | 18–85 | 18–80 |
| Time to randomization, hours | < 6 | < 12 | < 6 | < 6 | < 8 |
| Imaging tool | NECT/CTA | NECT/CTA | NECT/CTA/CTP | NECT/CTA/CTP | NECT/CTA |
| Occlusion site | ICA, MCA M1, M2 | ICA, MCA M1 | ICA, MCA M1, M2 | ICA, MCA M1 | ICA, MCA M1 |
| Imaging Inclusion criteria | NA | ASPECTS 6–10 | CTP mismatch and ischemic core < 70 mL | CTP or DWI (first 72 patients), thereafter CT or MR ASPECTS 6–10 | ASPECTS 6–10 |
| Recanalization success of EVT, % | 75.4 | 72.4 | 86 | 88 | 65.7 |
| mRS 0–2, % | |||||
| Control | 19.1 | 29 | 40 | 35 | 28 |
| EVT | 32.6 | 53 | 71 | 60 | 44 |
ASPECTS = Alberta Stroke Program Early Computed Tomography Score, CTA = computed tomography angiography, CTP = computed tomography perfusion study, DWI = diffusion weighted image, ESCAPE = Endovascular Treatment for Small Core and Anterior Circulation Proximal Occlusion with Emphasis on Minimizing CT to Recanalization Times, EVT = endovascular thrombectomy, EXTEND IA = Extending the Time for Thrombolysis in Emergency Neurological Deficits–Intra-Arterial, ICA = internal carotid artery, M1 = first segment of middle cerebral artery, M2 = second segment of middle cerebral artery, MCA = middle cerebral artery, MR CLEAN = Multicenter Randomized Clinical Trial of Endovascular Treatment for Acute Ischemic Stroke in the Netherlands, mRS = modified Rankin Scale score, NA = not applicable, NECT = non-enhanced computed tomography, NIHSS = National Institute of Health Stroke Scale, REVASCAT = Revascularization with Solitaire FR Device versus Best Medical Therapy in the Treatment of Acute Stroke Due to Anterior Circulation Large Vessel Occlusion Presenting within Eight Hours of Symptom Onset, SWIFT PRIME = Solitaire with the Intention for Thrombectomy as Primary Endovascular Treatment
Comparison of Population and Sampling Frame between the DAWN and DEFUSE-3 Trials
| DAWN (21) | DEFUSE−3 (22) | |
|---|---|---|
| No. of patients | 206 | 182 |
| Age, years | ≥ 18 | 18–90 |
| NIHSS | ≥ 10 | ≥ 6 |
| Pre-stroke mRS | 0 or 1 | 0–2 |
| Occlusion site | ICA, M1 | ICA, M1 |
| Imaging tool | CTA or MRA + CTP or MRP | CTA or MRA + CTP or MRP |
| Definition of infarct core and penumbra on perfusion study with RAPID software | Infarct core, CBF < 30 mL penumbra, Tmax > 6 sec | Infarct core, CBF < 30 mL penumbra, Tmax > 6 sec |
| Inclusion criteria | A. Age ≥ 80 y | Meet the both of followings; |
| 1. NIHSS ≥ 10 and core < 21 mL | 1. Target mismatch profile: ratio of penumbra/core ≥ 1.8 or absolute penumbra volume ≥ 15 mL | |
| B. Age < 80 y | 2. Infarct core < 70 mL | |
| 2. NIHSS ≥ 10 and core < 31 mL | ||
| 3. NIHSS ≥ 20 and core < 51 mL | ||
| Recanalization success of EVT, % | 84 | 76 |
| mRS 0–2, % | ||
| Control | 13.1 | 17 |
| EVT | 35.5 | 45 |
CBF = cerebral blood flow, CTA, computed tomography angiography, CTP = computed tomography perfusion study, DAWN = DWI or CTP Assessment with Clinical Mismatch in the Triage of Wake-up and Late Presenting Strokes Undergoing Neurointervention with Trevo, DEFUSE-3 = Endovascular Therapy Following Imaging Evaluation for Ischemic Stroke, EVT = endovascular thrombectomy, ICA = internal carotid artery, M1 = first segment of middle cerebral artery, MRA = MR angiography, MRP = MR perfusion, mRS = modified Rankin Scale score, NIHSS = National Institute of Health Stroke Scale
Fig. 1Customized kit for the endovascular treatment of acute stroke.
Adapted from Kim et al. Korean J Radiol 2018;19:838-848 (27).
Fig. 2Endovascular thrombectomy for acute stroke with a stent retriever.
A. Left internal carotid angiogram shows occlusion at the left middle cerebral artery M1 segment.
B. Microcatheter is navigated through the occlusion site to the left M2 segment using a microwire.
C. Schema of the microcatheter navigation. Thick arrow, thin arrow, and dotted arrow indicate occluding thrombus, micro-catheter tip, and micro-guidewire, respectively.
D. Spot image during deployment of the stent retriever. The red dashed arrow indicates the stent retriever distal marker.
E. Schema of the deployment of the stent retriever. Red arrow indicates the clot engaged in stent retriever. Red dotted arrow indicates the distal markers of stent retriever at the inferior branch of the left middle cerebral artery.
F. Spot image during the retrieval of the stent retriever under the inflation of the BGC. The red dotted arrow indicates the stent retriever distal marker.
G. Schema of the retrieval of the stent retriever. Black arrow indicates the micro-catheter tip. Red dotted arrow indicates the distal marker of stent retriever.
H. Photography of the removed clot which is integrated with the stent retriever.
I. A control angiogram after the clot removal shows complete recanalization of the left middle cerebral artery.
BGC = balloon guide catheter
Adapted from Park. Springer;2017. p.191-211 (28).
Fig. 3Endovascular thrombectomy for acute stroke with an aspiration catheter.
A. Left internal carotid angiogram shows occlusion of the left middle cerebral artery M1 orifice.
B. Spot image shows a large-bore during navigation aspiration catheter (arrow) over the microcatheter and a microwire.
C. Spot image showing the aspiration catheter (arrow) contacting the occluded clot.
D. Photograph of the removed clot. The right photograph shows the clot engaged in the aspiration catheter, and the left photograph shows the clot removed from the catheter. The dashed line indicates the segment of the clot inside the catheter.
E. Control angiogram immediately after contact aspiration thrombectomy shows complete recanalization.