| Literature DB >> 36238176 |
Jin Sol Choi, Eun Ae Yoo, Jin Ok Choi, Soo Jung Kim.
Abstract
Cri-du-chat syndrome is a rare genetic disorder in which the patient presents with a characteristic high-pitched monotonous cry and recurrent aspiration pneumonia, attributed to abnormalities in the larynx, epiglottis, and nervous system. The most prominent brain MRI findings are the presence of pontine and cerebellar hypoplasia, which primarily involve posterior cranial fossa structures. Although atrophy of supratentorial structures were also a common radiological finding, it was considered to be a secondary change due to pontine hypoplasia. Here, we present the case of a three-month-old patient presenting with cri-du-chat at our institution. The patient also showed the presence of prominent pontine hypoplasia similar to previously reported cases; however, contrary to other cases, there was a general delayed myelination of brain instead of decreased myelination of anterior limb of internal capsule. Since the larynx, pons, and cerebellum all originated from similar notochord level, which suggests anomaly in early stage of development, laryngeal, and brain anomaly characteristically observed in the cridu-chat syndrome. CopyrightsEntities:
Year: 2020 PMID: 36238176 PMCID: PMC9432209 DOI: 10.3348/jksr.2020.81.4.979
Source DB: PubMed Journal: Taehan Yongsang Uihakhoe Chi ISSN: 1738-2637
Fig. 1A three-month-old boy with cri-du-chat syndrome.
A, B. Transcranial ultrasonography of the patient. Sagittal scan (A) shows brain stem hypoplasia, especially prominent in pons (arrow), and thinning of the corpus callosum (arrowheads). Coronal scan (B) shows both frontal horn dilatation, suggesting the atrophy of both cerebral hemispheres, which is a secondary change due to pontine hypoplasia.
C. Axial T1-weighted images show brain stem hypoplasia, most prominent in pons, with a normal cerebellum. Mild atrophy of both frontal and temporal lobes and dilatation of both frontal horn (asterisks) are also observed, which are secondary changes due to brain stem hypoplasia. Both posterior limbs of internal capsule (arrows) are myelinated with high T1 signal intensity, but both anterior limbs of internal capsule, ventral brain stem, and corpus callosum splenium are not myelinated and show low T1 signal intensity. This suggests general delayed myelination for his age.
D. Sagittal T1-weighted image shows brain stem hypoplasia, especially prominent in pons and thinning of corpus callosum. No cerebellar hypoplasia or mega cisterna magna are observed.
Brain MRI Findings of Cri-Du-Chat Syndrome in Reported Cases
| Findings | n (%) | References |
|---|---|---|
| Pontine hypoplasia | 8 (66.7) | ( |
| Cerebellar hypoplasia | 6 (50.0) | ( |
| Mega cisterna magna | 6 (50.0) | ( |
| Corpus callosal thinning | 6 (50.0) | ( |
| Microcephaly | 4 (33.3) | ( |
| Lateral ventricle dilatation | 3 (25.0) | ( |
| Decreased myelination | 1 (8.3) | ( |
| Dandy-Walker syndrome | 1 (8.3) | ( |
Above results from review of published case reports from 1993–2018 (23456789).