| Literature DB >> 36238126 |
Sun Young Park, Kyung Seok Park, Eugene Lee, Joon Woo Lee, Yun Jung Bae, Yusuhn Kang, Joong Mo Ahn, Heung Sik Kang.
Abstract
Purpose: To describe magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings in 10 cases of Toxocara canis myelitis and to analyze these findings to aid in the diagnosis of this condition. Materials andEntities:
Year: 2020 PMID: 36238126 PMCID: PMC9432088 DOI: 10.3348/jksr.2020.81.1.135
Source DB: PubMed Journal: Taehan Yongsang Uihakhoe Chi ISSN: 1738-2637
Demographics and Clinical Findings of 10 Patients with Toxocara canis Myelitis
| Patient | Age (years) | Sex | Symptom | Duration | Exposure to Pets | Ingestion Hx | Spine MR F/U Period | Treatment | Disease Course |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 30 | M | Both L/Ex paresthesia, weakness erectile dysfunction | 1 YA | Dogs | Uncooked cow or cattle omasum* | 7 mon | Albendazole, | Partial recovery but improved |
| 2 | 58 | M | Progressing both L/Ex paresthesia | 1 MA | No | Uncooked cow or cattle liver and meat | N/A | Albendazole, steroids | Complete recovery |
| 3 | 29 | M | Left U/Ex paresthesia | 1 MA | No | N/A | 12 mon | Albendazole, steroids | Complete recovery |
| 4 | 42 | M | Left L/Ex paresthesia, erectile and urinary dysfunction | 1 YA | No | Uncooked cow or cattle meat | 6 mon | Albendazole, steroids | Persistent |
| 5 | 65 | M | Both L/Ex paresthesia | 1 YA | N/A | N/A | 16 mon | Albendazole, steroids | Persistent |
| 6 | 62 | M | Both L/Ex paresthesia, weakness | 2 WA | Cats | N/A | N/A | Albendazole, steroids | Partial recovery but improved |
| 7 | 61 | F | Headache | 5 MA | Dogs | N/A | N/A | Steroids | Complete recovery |
| 8 | 55 | M | Both L/Ex paresthesia | 5 YA | Dogs | N/A | N/A | Albendazole, steroids | Partial recovery but improved |
| 9 | 48 | M | Both L/Ex paresthesia, erectile dysfunction | 3 WA | No | N/A | 3 mon | Steroids | Partial recovery but improved |
| 10 | 47 | M | Progressing both L/Ex paresthesia | 1 MA | N/A | N/A | N/A | Steroids | Partial recovery but improved |
*The third stomach of a ruminant.
F/U = follow up, Hx = history, L/Ex = lower extremity, MA = month ago, mon = months, N/A = not available, U/Ex = upper extremity, WA = week ago, YA = year ago
Blood and CSF Characteristics of the 10 Patients
| Patient | Blood | CSF | Serum | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| WBC (× 103/µL) | E (%) | IgE | ELISA, IgG, 1st | WBC (/mm3) | Protein (mg/dL) | Glucose (mg/dL) | BST (mg/dL) | |
| 1 | 7.92 | 2.5 | N/A | 1.587 (0.904) | 1 | 104.2 | 65 | 103 |
| 2 | 4.66 | 2.1 | 1.331 (0.966) | 0 | 43.2 | 65 | 109 | |
| 3 | 8.5 | 2.9 | 1137 | 1.959 (0.944) | 2 | 40.4 | 70 | 107 |
| 4 | 9.1 | 1.5 | 1.783 (0.926) | 6 | 76.6 | 59 | 110 | |
| 5 | 9.73 | 1.5 | 1.104 (1.077) | 0 | 82.6 | 62 | 159 | |
| 6 | 4.36 | 3.2 | 1.131 (1.013) | 9 | 76.8 | 80 | 126 | |
| 7 | 8.2 | 0.1 | 1.142 (1.055) | 2 | 55.8 | 110 | 207 | |
| 8 | 9.54 | 4.5 | 1.665 (0.985) | 0 | 137.6 | 57 | 125 | |
| 9 | 8.4 | 19.1 | 2.641 (1.009) | 2 | 82 | 65 | 93 | |
| 10 | 7.6 | 2.2 | 1.306 (0.956) | 0 | 122.9 | 72 | 126 | |
Normal range: serum WBC (4.0–10.0 × 103/µL), E (1–5%), ELISA, IgG antibody (cut off value), CSF WBC (0–5/mm3), protein (15–45 mg/dL), glucose (> 50–60% plasma level), BST (70–110 mg/dL).
BST = blood sugar test, CSF = cerebrospinal fluid, E = eosinophil, ELISA = enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, Ig = immunoglobulin, N/A = not available, WBC = white blood cell
MRI Findings in 10 Patients
| Patient | Level | Extent (VC) | Skipped Lesion | Cord Swelling | Cyst or Syringomyelia | T1SI | Axial T2SI | Sagittal T2SI | CE Pattern/Location | Sequale |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | T8–10 | 3 | (-) | (-) | (-) | Iso | Diffuse, central | Diffuse | Nodular/posterior | Normalized |
| 2 | C6–7 | 1 | (-) | (-) | (-) | Iso | Posterolateral, wedge shape | Patchy | Nodular/posterolateral | N/A |
| 3 | C2–3 | 1 | (-) | (-) | (-) | Iso | Posterolateral, wedge shape | Patchy | N/A | Normalized |
| 4 | T12–L1 (conus medullaris) | 1 | (-) | (-) | (-) | Iso | Diffuse, central | Patchy | Nodular/posterolateral | Normalized |
| 5 | T3–4 | 1 | (-) | (-) | (-) | Iso | Posterolateral, wedge shape | Patchy | No | N/A |
| 6 | T1–3 | 3 | (-) | (+) | (-) | Iso | Diffuse, central | Diffuse | Nodular/posterolateral | N/A |
| 7 | Cervicomedullary junction | 1 | (-) | (-) | (-) | Iso | Posterolateral, focal | Focal | No | N/A |
| 8 | T6–7 | 1 | (-) | (-) | (-) | Iso | Posterior, focal | Focal | No | N/A |
| 9 | T7–9 | 3 | (-) | (+) | (-) | Iso | Diffuse, central | Diffuse | Nodular/lateral | No change of anterolateral enhancement |
| 10 | T2/3–5 | 3 | (-) | (+) | (-) | Iso | Diffuse, central | Diffuse | Peripheral, patchy/central | N/A |
CE = contrast-enhancement, Iso = isointensity, N/A = not available, T1SI = T1-weighted signal intensity, T2SI = T2-weighted signal intensity, VC = vertebral column
Fig. 1Typical MR imaging features (type 1) of Toxocara canis myelitis in a 31-year-old male.
A, B. Sagittal T2-weighted image (A) shows diffuse signal change in the spinal cord at the T8–10 level (arrows). The signal change is observed in the central portion of the cord on an axial T2-weighted image (B). C, D. Contrast enhanced T1-weighted sagittal and axial images show nodular enhancement in the posterior region at the T9/10 level (arrows).
Fig. 2MR imaging features (type 2) of Toxocara canis myelitis in a 29-year-old male.
A. Axial T2-weighted image shows a wedge-shaped hyperintense lesion (arrow) in the right posterolateral spinal cord at the C2–3 level.
B. Sagittal T2-weighted image shows a short-segment patchy hyperintense lesion (arrow) on the posterior aspect of the spinal cord.
Fig. 3Atypical imaging features of Toxocara canis myelitis in a 47-year-old male.
A. Sagittal T2-weighted image shows cord signal change at the T3–4–5 level (arrows). The lesion shows thin pencil-like appearance on the anterior aspect of the spinal cord with focal patchy signal change and mild swelling at the T4/5 level.
B. Axial T2-weighted image shows diffuse centrally located signal change in the spinal cord.
C. Contrast enhanced T1-weighted axial image shows rim-like peripheral enhancement.
Fig. 4Non-enhancing Toxocara canis myelitis in a 61-year-old female.
A. Axial T2-weighted image shows focal hyperintense lesion on the left posterolateral aspect at the cervicomedullary junction.
B. Contrast enhanced T1-weighted axial image on brain MRI shows no contrast enhancement.