| Literature DB >> 36237918 |
Kwang Nam Jin, Kyung-Hyun Do, Bo Da Nam, Sung Ho Hwang, Miyoung Choi, Hwan Seok Yong.
Abstract
To develop Korean coronavirus disease (COVID-19) chest imaging justification guidelines, eight key questions were selected and the following recommendations were made with the evidence-based clinical imaging guideline adaptation methodology. It is appropriate not to use chest imaging tests (chest radiograph or CT) for the diagnosis of COVID-19 in asymptomatic patients. If reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction testing is not available or if results are delayed or are initially negative in the presence of symptoms suggestive of COVID-19, chest imaging tests may be considered. In addition to clinical evaluations and laboratory tests, chest imaging may be contemplated to determine hospital admission for asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic unhospitalized patients with confirmed COVID-19. In hospitalized patients with confirmed COVID-19, chest imaging may be advised to determine or modify treatment alternatives. CT angiography may be considered if hemoptysis or pulmonary embolism is clinically suspected in a patient with confirmed COVID-19. For COVID-19 patients with improved symptoms, chest imaging is not recommended to make decisions regarding hospital discharge. For patients with functional impairment after recovery from COVID-19, chest imaging may be considered to distinguish a potentially treatable disease. CopyrightsEntities:
Year: 2022 PMID: 36237918 PMCID: PMC9514447 DOI: 10.3348/jksr.2021.0117
Source DB: PubMed Journal: Taehan Yongsang Uihakhoe Chi ISSN: 1738-2637
Recommendation Matrices of the Existing Guidelines (Key Question 1–8)
| Guidelines | CT and COVID-19: Chinese Experience and Recommendations Concerning Detection, Staging and Follow-Up (2018) | Emergency Radiology During the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Canadian Association of Radiologists Recommendations for Practice (2020) | Use of Chest Imaging in COVID-19: A Rapid Advice Guide (2020) |
|---|---|---|---|
| AGREEⅡ score | 24 | 30 | 108 |
| KQ 1 | For asymptomatic contacts of patients with COVID-19, WHO suggests not using chest imaging for the diagnosis of COVID-19 | ||
| KQ 2 | CT was considered a major modality for diagnosis, even before receiving the RT-PCR tests. Those clinically diagnosed case should be isolated and receive medical treatment. This should be considered with much attention by other countries if a huge population is waiting for the RT-PCR test, due to the lack of kits, delay waiting for the results, as well as false negative cases. CT can be considered a useful test for relieving quickly difficult situations | Chest radiography and chest CT are the primary imaging modalities for the evaluation patients with known or suspected COVID-19 infection in the emergency department | For symptomatic patients with suspected COVID-19, WHO suggests using chest imaging for the diagnostic workup of COVID-19 when: |
| KQ 3 | For patients with suspected or confirmed COVID-19, not currently hospitalized and with mild symptoms, WHO suggests using chest imaging in addition to clinical and laboratory assessment to decide on hospital admission versus home discharge | ||
| KQ 4 | For patients with suspected or confirmed COVID-19, not currently hospitalized and with moderate to severe symptoms, WHO suggests using chest imaging in addition to clinical and laboratory assessment to decide on regular ward admission versus intensive care unit admission | ||
| KQ 5 | Chest radiography, especially bed side, is recommended for monitoring the very severe and critical cases | For patients with suspected or confirmed COVID-19, currently hospitalized and with moderate to severe symptoms, WHO suggests using chest imaging in addition to clinical and laboratory assessment to inform the therapeutic management | |
| KQ 6 | For symptomatic patients with suspected COVID-19, WHO suggests using chest imaging for the diagnostic workup of COVID-19 Imaging should be used as one element of the diagnostic workup in those have presentations that could represent complications of COVID-19 (e.g., pulmonary arterial thrombosis or thromboembolism) | ||
| KQ 7 | For hospitalized patients with COVID-19 whose symptoms are resolved, WHO suggests not using chest imaging in addition to clinical and/or laboratory assessment to inform the decision regarding discharge | ||
| KQ 8 | Due to CT with high sensitivity, follow-up CT is recommended to evaluate the improvement or recurrence on the first week of discharge, timely helping the management | ||
| Grades of recommendation | No recommendation | No recommendation | Conditional recommendation, based on very low certainty evidence |
| Guidelines | The Role of Chest Imaging in Patient Management during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Multinational Consensus Statement from the Fleischner Society (2020) | Canadian Society of Thoracic Radiology/Canadian Association of Radiologists Consensus Statement Regarding Chest Imaging in Suspected and Confirmed COVID-19 (2020) | Recommendations of the Thoracic Imaging Section of the German Radiological Society for Clinical Application of Chest Imaging and Structured CT Reporting in the COVID-19 Pandemic (2020) |
| AGREEⅡ score | 70 | 33 | 27 |
| KQ 1 | Imaging is not routinely indicated as a screening test for COVID-19 in asymptomatic individuals | ||
| KQ 2 | 1) In outpatient clinics, A CXR is not recommended in individuals presenting with mild symptoms because imaging is often normal and this may be falsely reassuring | Chest radiography and chest CT are the primary imaging modalities for the evaluation patients with known or suspected COVID-19 infection in the ED | |
| KQ 3 | maging is not indicated for patients with mild features of COVID-19 unless they are at risk for disease progression | CXRs are useful in clinically worsening patients, but daily CXRs in stable patients are not necessary and may increase the risk of viral transmission to health care workers | |
| KQ 4 | Imaging is indicated for patients with moderate to severe features of COVID-19 regardless of COVID-19 test results | In patients presenting with moderate to severe symptoms, CXR, if available, may be useful in addition to clinical judgment to determine whether there is a need for additional assessment in a hospital setting | CT allows a reliable assessment of the initial extent of the disease. CT and chest radiography allow an assessment of the course of the disease to support clinical evaluation. Imaging can thus contribute to an interdisciplinary analysis to assess the individual prognosis of patients |
| KQ 5 | Imaging is indicated for patients with COVID-19 and evidence of worsening respiratory status Daily chest radiographs are NOT indicated in stable intubated patients with COVID-19 | CT should only be performed if the results are expected to influence patient management. | CT allows a reliable assessment of the initial extent of the disease. CT and chest radiography allow an assessment of the course of the disease to support clinical evaluation. Imaging can thus contribute to an interdisciplinary analysis to assess the individual prognosis of patients |
| KQ 6 | CT is more sensitive for early parenchymal lung disease, disease progression, and alternative diagnoses including acute heart failure from COVID-19 myocardial injury and when acquired with intravenous contrast material, pulmonary thromboembolism Leveraging these superior capabilities depends upon the availability of CT capacity, particularly considering the potential reduction in CT scanner availability due to the additional time required to clean and disinfect equipment following imaging of patients with suspected COVID-19 | CT pulmonary angiography should be performed in the setting of suspected acute pulmonary embolism | Chest radiography and CT in particular can detect complications. In addition to superin fection, thrombotic and embolic events should be particularly mentioned, since COVID-19 can obviously lead to hypercoagulopathy. Such complications should be treated with intravenous contrast, and a low-dose CT strategy should be abandoned |
| KQ 7 | |||
| KQ 8 | CT is indicated in patients with functional impairment and/or hypoxemia after recovery from COVID-19 | ||
| Grades of recommendation | Not mentioned | Not mentioned | Not mentioned |
AGREE = Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation, CXR = chest X-ray, KQ = key question, RT-PCR = reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, WHO = World Health Organization