| Literature DB >> 36237461 |
Seok Jin Hong, Sang Min Lee, Ho Cheol Choi, Jung Ho Won, Jae Boem Na, Ji Eun Kim, Hye Young Choi.
Abstract
This is a rare case of a 73-year-old male patient who presented with hematochezia and was treated using transcatheter arterial embolization following upper gastrointestinal bleeding in the third portion of the duodenum. The cause of the bleeding was not found on gastrointestinal endoscopy and CT. On the third day of hospitalization, the hemoglobin level continued to decrease. A technetium-99m-labeled red blood cell scan revealed suspicious bleeding in the diverticulum of the third portion of the duodenum. Superior mesenteric artery angiography showed active bleeding from the posteroinferior pancreaticoduodenal artery, which was embolized with N-butyl cyanoacrylate. The patient was discharged on the seventh day after embolization without re-bleeding or complication. We report a rare case of a patient with active bleeding from a duodenal diverticulum that was difficult to diagnose using routine modalities. Herein, we report a rare case of a patient with active bleeding from a duodenal diverticulum that was difficult to diagnose using routine modalities. We also conducted a relavant literature review. CopyrightsEntities:
Year: 2020 PMID: 36237461 PMCID: PMC9432395 DOI: 10.3348/jksr.2020.0074
Source DB: PubMed Journal: Taehan Yongsang Uihakhoe Chi ISSN: 1738-2637
Fig. 1Diverticular bleeding in the third portion of the duodenum in a 73-year-old male patient, treated with transcatheter arterial embolization.
A, B. Axial (A) and coronal (B) contrast-enhanced CT shows a diverticulum (white arrows), approximately 6 cm in size, originating from the proximal third portion of the duodenum (arrowhead). Another diverticulum is located within the second portion of the duodenum (black arrow).
C. A technetium-99m-labeled red blood cell scan at 4 hours after injection shows tracer uptake in the diverticulum of the third portion of the duodenum, which suggests active bleeding.
D. A superselective angiogram of the posterior inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery shows contrast extravasation (arrow) in the diverticulum of the third portion of the duodenum. Owing to multiple fine arteries around the bleeding site, the inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery was embolized using a liquid embolic agent (N-butyl cyanoacrylate and lipiodol 1:4 mixture).
E. Angiography of the superior mesenteric artery after embolization shows disappearance of the bleeding focus with glue cast (arrowheads) in the inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery.
Cases of Duodenal Diverticular Bleeding Treated by Transarterial Embolization
| No. | References | Age/Sex | Location | Endoscopy Finding, Outcome | Tc99-RBC Scan | Angiogram | Artery | Embolic Agent | Clinical Success* | Complication |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Mitsutsuji et al. (1995) ( | 82/M | 2nd | Diverticulm coverd with fresh blood, no hemostasis‡ | - | No active bleeding | PSPD, ASPD, AIPD | Gelfoam, microcoil | Success | Acute mild pancreatitis |
| 2 | Chacon et al. (2003) ( | 65/M | 2nd | Active arterial oozing, failed hemostasis† | - | Unknown | GDA | Coil | Success | None |
| 3 | Inoue et al. (2004) ( | 21/F | 2nd | Active bleeding, no hemostasis‡ | - | Extravasation | PSPD | Microcoils | Fail, repeated endoscopy | None |
| 4 | Onozato et al. (2007) ( | 76/M | 3rd | No bleeding, no hemostasis‡ | + | Extravasation | GDA branch | Coil | Fail, operation | None |
| 5 | Kwon et al. (2009) ( | 69/F | 3rd | No attempt due to unstable vital sign | - | Pseudoaneurysm | AIPD | NBCA | Success | Duodenal obstruction |
| 6 | Sanda et al. (2014) ( | 70/F | 4th | Active bleeding, no hemostasis‡ | Extravasation | 1st jejunal branch IPD | NBCA | Success | None | |
| 7 | Weng et al. (2015) ( | 82/M | 2nd | Active bleeding, no hemostasis‡ | - | Pseudoaneurysm | IPD | NBCA | Success | None |
| 8 | Present case (2020) | 73/M | 3rd | Active bleeding, no hemostasis‡ | + | Extravasation | PIPD | NBCA | Success | None |
*Clinical success means cessation of bleeding after embolization.
†Failed hemostasis means persistent bleeding even after endoscopic hemostasis.
‡No hemostasis means endoscopic hemostasis was not attempted due to the inability to locate the bleeding focus or technical difficulties.
AIPD = anterior inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery, ASPD = anterior superior pancreaticoduodenal artery, GDA = gastroduodenal artery, IPD = inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery, NBCA = N-butyl cyanoacrylate, PIPD = posterior inferior pancreaticoduodenal, PSPD = posterior superior pancreaticoduodenal artery, Tc99-RBC = technetium-99m-labeled red blood cell, 2nd = second portion of duodenum, 3rd = third portion of duodenum