| Literature DB >> 36237380 |
Sun Geun Yun, Yeong Yi An, Sung Hun Kim, Bong Joo Kang.
Abstract
Purpose: To evaluate the value of clinicopathologic factors and imaging features of primary breast cancer in predicting early recurrence after the primary treatment. Materials andEntities:
Year: 2020 PMID: 36237380 PMCID: PMC9431821 DOI: 10.3348/jksr.2020.81.2.395
Source DB: PubMed Journal: Taehan Yongsang Uihakhoe Chi ISSN: 1738-2637
Univariate Analysis of Clinicopathologic Factors between the Early- and No-Recurrence Groups
| Characteristics | Total ( | No Recurrence ( | Early Recurrence ( | OR (95% CI) |
| |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (mean ± SD) | 51.81 ± 9.52 | 51.55 ± 9.37 | 53.64 ± 11.57 | |||
| Age (years) | ||||||
| < 40 | 51 (10.6) | 44 (9.8) | 7 (21.2) | 1 (reference) | ||
| ≥40 | 429 (89.4) | 403 (90.2) | 26 (78.8) | 0.41 (0.16–1.17) | 0.097 | |
| Pathology | ||||||
| IDC, NOS | 397 (82.7) | 370 (82.8) | 27 (81.8) | 1 (reference) | ||
| ILC | 23 (4.8) | 23 (5.1) | 0 (0) | 0.43 (0.00–2.02) | 0.416 | |
| Others | 60 (12.5) | 54 (12.1) | 6 (18.2) | 1.52 (0.49–3.99) | 0.510 | |
| TNM stage | ||||||
| Stage I | 284 (59.2) | 271 (60.6) | 13 (39.4) | 1 (reference) | ||
| Stage II | 161 (33.5) | 147 (32.9) | 14 (42.4) | 1.98 (0.84–4.72) | 0.127 | |
| Stage III | 35 (7.3) | 29 (6.5) | 6 (18.2) | 4.23 (1.24–13.24) | 0.021 | |
| Axillary lymph node metastasis | ||||||
| Negative | 358 (74.6) | 336 (75.2) | 22 (66.7) | 1 (reference) | ||
| Positive | 122 (25.4) | 111 (24.8) | 11 (33.3) | 1.51 (0.64–3.38) | 0.378 | |
| Histologic grade | ||||||
| Grade I/II | 357 (74.4) | 342 (76.5) | 15 (45.4) | 1 (reference) | ||
| Grade III | 123 (25.6) | 105 (23.5) | 18 (54.6) | 3.90 (1.79–8.62) | < 0.001 | |
| Lymphovascular invasion | ||||||
| Negative | 373 (77.7) | 352 (78.8) | 21 (63.6) | 1 (reference) | ||
| Positive | 107 (22.3) | 95 (21.2) | 12 (36.4) | 2.11 (0.91–4.69) | 0.082 | |
| Perineural invasion | ||||||
| Negative | 449 (93.5) | 416 (93.1) | 33 (100) | 1 (reference) | ||
| Positive | 31 (6.5) | 31 (6.9) | 0 (0) | 0.29 (0.00–1.34) | 0.204 | |
| Vascular invasion | ||||||
| Negative | 477 (99.4) | 445 (99.5) | 32 (97.0) | 1 (reference) | ||
| Positive | 3 (0.6) | 2 (0.5) | 1 (3.0) | 6.89 (0.11–135.72) | 0.386 | |
| ER | ||||||
| Positive | 354 (73.8) | 338 (75.6) | 16 (48.5) | 1 (reference) | ||
| Negative | 126 (26.2) | 109 (24.4) | 17 (51.5) | 3.29 (1.50–7.19) | 0.002 | |
| PR | ||||||
| Positive | 272 (56.7) | 259 (57.9) | 13 (39.4) | 1 (reference) | ||
| Negative | 208 (43.3) | 188 (42.1) | 20 (60.6) | 2.48 (0.97–4.76) | 0.059 | |
| HER2 | ||||||
| Negative | 364 (75.8) | 339 (75.8) | 25 (75.8) | 1 (reference) | ||
| Positive | 116 (24.2) | 108 (24.2) | 8 (24.2) | 1.00 (0.38–2.38) | > 0.999 | |
| p53 | ||||||
| Negative | 340 (70.8) | 322 (72.0) | 18 (54.5) | 1 (reference) | ||
| Positive | 140 (29.2) | 125 (28.0) | 15 (45.5) | 2.14 (0.97–4.66) | 0.059 | |
| Subtype | ||||||
| Luminal | 325 (67.7) | 310 (69.3) | 15 (45.4) | 1 (reference) | ||
| HER2 enriched | 46 (9.6) | 41 (9.2) | 5 (15.2) | 2.51 (0.60–7.77) | 0.173 | |
| Triple negative | 109 (22.7) | 96 (21.5) | 13 (39.4) | 2.79 (1.18–6.54) | 0.019 | |
| Ki-67 (%) | ||||||
| Low (< 14) | 150 (31.2) | 146 (32.7) | 4 (12.1) | 1 (reference) | ||
| High (≥ 14) | 330 (68.8) | 301 (67.3) | 29 (87.9) | 3.51 (1.20–14.00) | 0.017 | |
CI = confidence interval, ER = estrogen receptor, HER2 = human epidermal growth factor receptor-2, IDC = invasive ductal carcinoma, ILC = invasive lobular carcinoma, NOS = not otherwise specified, OR = odds ratio, PR = progesterone receptor, SD = standard deviation
Univariate Analysis of Imaging Features between the Early- and No-Recurrence Groups
| Modality | Characteristics | No Recurrence ( | Early Recurrence ( | OR (95% CI) |
| |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Multifocality on different modalities (MG, US, MRI) | Single | 372 (83.2) | 18 (54.5) | 1 (reference) | ||
| Multifocal | 74 (16.6) | 15 (45.5) | 4.17 (1.87–9.22) | < 0.001 | ||
| NA | 1 (0.2) | 0 (0) | ||||
| Mammography findings | Breast composition | |||||
| Fatty | 81 (18.1) | 9 (27.3) | 1 (reference) | |||
| Dense | 340 (76.1) | 22 (66.7) | 0.58 (0.25–1.49) | 0.279 | ||
| NA | 26 (5.8) | 2 (6.0) | ||||
| Lesion type | ||||||
| Negative (normal) | 2 (0.4) | 0 (0) | 1 (reference) | |||
| Mass with/without calcification | 395 (88.4) | 29 (88.0) | 0.18 (0.02–infinity) | > 0.999 | ||
| Calcification only | 24 (5.4) | 2 (6.0) | 0.18 (0.02–infinity) | > 0.999 | ||
| NA | 26 (5.8) | 2 (6.0) | ||||
| US findings | Lesion type | |||||
| Negative (normal) | 6 (1.3) | 0 (0) | 1 (reference) | |||
| Mass with/without calcification | 428 (95.8) | 32 (97.0) | 0.60 (0.11–infinity) | > 0.999 | ||
| Intraductal calcification | 13 (2.9) | 1 (3.0) | 0.43 (0.02–infinity) | > 0.999 | ||
| Mass shape | ||||||
| Oval/round | 35 (8.1) | 6 (18.7) | 1 (reference) | |||
| Irregular | 393 (90.5) | 26 (81.3) | 0.39 (0.14–1.23) | 0.108 | ||
| NA | 6 (1.4) | 0 (0) | ||||
| Mass margin | ||||||
| Circumscribed | 25 (5.6) | 4 (12.1) | 1 (reference) | |||
| Spiculated/indistinct | 356 (79.6) | 26 (78.8) | 0.46 (0.14–1.94) | 0.302 | ||
| Microlobulated | 60 (13.4) | 3 (9.1) | 0.32 (0.04–2.02) | 0.276 | ||
| NA | 6 (1.4) | 0 (0) | ||||
| Posterior acoustic feature | ||||||
| No | 339 (75.9) | 22 (66.7) | 1 (reference) | |||
| Shadowing | 33 (7.4) | 2 (6.0) | 0.93 (0.10–4.09) | > 0.999 | ||
| Enhacement | 69 (15.4) | 9 (27.3) | 2.01 (0.78–4.77) | 0.155 | ||
| NA | 6 (1.3) | 0 (0) | ||||
| Vascularity type | ||||||
| Absent | 271 (60.6) | 13 (39.4) | 1 (reference) | |||
| Internal vascularity | 101 (22.6) | 9 (27.3) | 1.85 (0.68–4.86) | 0.252 | ||
| Vessels in rim | 69 (15.5) | 11 (33.3) | 3.31 (1.28–8.40) | 0.012 | ||
| NA | 6 (1.3) | 0 (0) | ||||
| BI-RADS on conventional images (MG, US) | BI-RADS C1–3 | 9 (2.0) | 0 (0) | 1 (reference) | ||
| BI-RADS C4 | 123 (27.5) | 12 (36.4) | 1.18 (0.22–infinity) | 0.893 | ||
| BI-RADS C5 | 314 (70.3) | 21 (63.6) | 0.82 (0.16–infinity) | > 0.999 | ||
| NA | 1 (0.2) | 0 (0) | ||||
| MRI findings | Preoperative MRI evaluation | |||||
| Not underwent | 319 (71.4) | 20 (60.6) | ||||
| Underwent | 128 (28.6) | 13 (39.4) | ||||
| BPE | ||||||
| Minimal/mild | 106 (82.8) | 10 (76.9) | 1 (reference) | |||
| Moderate/marked | 22 (17.2) | 3 (23.1) | 1.44 (0.24–6.24) | 0.829 | ||
| Lesion type | ||||||
| Mass | 115 (89.8) | 12 (92.3) | 1 (reference) | |||
| NME | 13 (10.2) | 1 (7.7) | 0.74 (0.02–5.82) | > 0.999 | ||
| Mass shape | ||||||
| Oval/round | 21 (18.3) | 2 (16.7) | 1 (reference) | |||
| Irregular | 94 (81.7) | 10 (83.3) | 1.12 (0.21–11.22) | > 0.999 | ||
| Mass margin | ||||||
| Circumscribed | 15 (13.0) | 2 (16.7) | 1 (reference) | |||
| Irregular/spiculated | 100 (87.0) | 10 (83.3) | 0.75 (0.14–7.72) | 0.998 | ||
| Rim enhancement of mass | ||||||
| No rim | 114 (99.1) | 8 (66.7) | 1 (reference) | |||
| Rim | 1 (0.9) | 4 (33.3) | 52.24 (4.54–> 999.9) | < 0.001 | ||
| NME distribution | ||||||
| Focal | 2 (15.4) | 0 (0) | 1 (reference) | |||
| Linear/segmental | 8 (61.5) | 1 (100) | 0.22 (0.012–infinity) | > 0.999 | ||
| Regional | 3 (23.1) | 0 (0) | ||||
| NME enhancement type | ||||||
| Heterogeneous | 3 (23.1) | 1 (100) | 1 (reference) | |||
| Clumped | 10 (76.9) | 0 (0) | 0.40 (0–7.60) | 0.571 | ||
| Kinetics | ||||||
| Type I/II (persistent/plateau) | 46 (35.9) | 4 (30.8) | 1 (reference) | |||
| Type III (washout) | 82 (64.1) | 9 (69.2) | 1.26 (0.33–5.92) | 0.967 | ||
BI-RADS = breast imaging-reporting and data system, BPE = background parenchymal enhancement, CI = confidence interval, MG = mammography, NA = not available, NME = non-mass enhancement, OR = odds ratio, US = ultrasonography
Fig. 1A 54-year-old woman underwent breast-conserving surgery for invasive ductal carcinoma, not otherwise specified, in stage pT2N0M0. She was diagnosed with recurrent cancer in the ipsilateral axillary lymph nodes (regional recurrence) 24 months after completion of the primary treatment (early recurrence). Histopathologic characteristics of the primary breast cancer were: intermediate histologic grade, ER positive, PR positive, HER2 negative, LI positive, PNI negative, VI negative, p53 positive, Ki-67 ≥ 14%, and the luminal B subtype.
A. Preoperative ultrasonography shows a 2.3-cm irregular, heterogeneous mass with partially indistinct margin.
B. The mass shows some blood vessels in a part of the rim on color Doppler ultrasonography, known as “vessel in rim.”
ER = estrogen receptor, HER2 = human epidermal growth factor receptor 2, LI = lymphovascular invasion, PNI = perineural invasion, PR = progesterone receptor, VI = vascular invasion
Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis of Risk Factors between the Early- and No-Recurrence Groups
| Risk Factor | OR (95% CI) |
| ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clinicopathologic factors | ||||
| TNM stage | Stage I | 1 (reference) | ||
| Stage II | 1.44 (0.63–3.32) | 0.390 | ||
| Stage III | 3.47 (1.12–10.73) | 0.031 | ||
| Histologic grade | Grade I/II | 1 (reference) | ||
| Grade III | 1.89 (0.75–4.79) | 0.180 | ||
| ER | Positive | 1 (reference) | ||
| Negative | 1.84 (0.75–4.53) | 0.187 | ||
| Ki-67 (%) | Low (< 14) | 1 (reference) | ||
| Imaging Features | ||||
| Vascularity type on US | Absent | 1 (reference) | ||
| Internal vascularity | 1.92 (0.77–4.79) | 0.160 | ||
| Vessels in rim | 3.32 (1.38–8.02) | 0.008 | ||
| Multifocality on different modalities (MG, US, MRI) | Single | 1 (reference) | ||
| Multifocal | 2.17 (0.49–10.00) | 0.310 | ||
CI = confidence interval, ER = estrogen receptor, MG = mammography, OR = odds ratio, US = ultrasonography