Prediction of ocular irritation by corneal pachymetry.

Corneal pachymetry performed 3 days after application of a variety of test materials to the rabbit eye was found to be predictive of the eye irritation classification determined by observing the ocular response for 21 days. The test materials included NaOH, methanol, isopropanol, acetone, cyclohexanone, hexane and a shampoo. A 0.1-ml sample of the test material was placed in the conjunctival sac in the left eye of each rabbit. Both the left and the right eye of each rabbit were evaluated for irritation and corneal thickness for up to 21 days using a slit-lamp biomicroscope with a pachymeter attachment. On day 3 of observation the mean corneal thickness ratios (treated/control eye) were predictive of the duration of corneal cloudiness (correlation coefficient = 0.86). In addition, these ratios were predictive of the eye irritation classification as determined by a 21-day test (correlation coefficient = 0.98). Corneal pachymetry for determining eye irritation classification is presented as an alternative to the current 21-day test. It is more objective and requires a shorter observation period. Therefore, this method should lessen the cost of eye irritation testing and decrease the duration of discomfort that may occur among the test animals. The greater objectivity may also reduce the intra- and interlaboratory variation and the number of rabbits required for each testing.