Basics on network theory to analyze biological systems: a hands-on outlook.

Biological processes result from interactions among molecules and cell-to-cell communications. In the last 50 years, network theory has empowered advances in understanding molecular networks' structure and dynamics that regulate biological systems. Adopting a network data analysis point of view at more laboratories might enrich their research capacity to generate forward working hypotheses. This work briefly describes network theory origins and provides basic graph analysis principles in biological systems, specific centrality measurements, and the main models for network structures. Also, we describe a workflow employing user-friendly free platforms to process, construct, and analyze transcriptome data from a network perspective. With this assay, we expect to encourage the implementation of network theory analysis on biological data in everyday laboratory research.