| Literature DB >> 36226216 |
Vanessa Silva de Souza1,2, Hugo Daniel Welter Ribeiro2,3, Jéssica Catarina Machado1, Liciane Fernandes Medeiros1, Mariane Schäffer Castro1, Andressa de Souza1,3.
Abstract
Objective This study aimed to evaluate the nociceptive profile and the intake of analgesic drugs of patients submitted to rotator cuff repair surgery. Also, to evaluate the nociceptive thresholds and the integrity of the descending inhibitory system, pain catastrophism and prevalence of nociceptive or neuropathic pain. Methods Approved by the Ethics Committee of La Salle University (1.325.433/2015). 40 patients (>18 years old) who underwent rotator cuff repair surgery (divided in small and large injuries) were recruited. The used instruments were: Sociodemographic Questionnaire, Functional Pain Scale, Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), Quantitative Sensory Test (QST) and Conditioned Pain Modulation Task (CPM). Results Patients had a significant difference in pain thresholds QST heat (independent samples t test) and quality of sleep, mood and anxiety (paired t test) in groups preoperative. There was a significant correlation between preoperative CPM and postoperative VAS (Pearson Correlation). It was observed that, in preoperative, 38 patients used analgesics continuously. Besides that, in postoperative, use of opioid drugs was higher in patients with small injury (13 patients) than in those with large injury (9 patients). Conclusion Therefore, patients with rotator cuff injuries did not present alterations in the descending inhibitory system, but showed alterations in pain thresholds, which may interfere in the postoperative period and still be related to the consumption of analgesics. Sociedade Brasileira de Ortopedia e Traumatologia. This is an open access article published by Thieme under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, permitting unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction so long as the original work is properly cited. ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ ).Entities:
Keywords: chronic pain; nociceptive pain; rotator cuff injury
Year: 2021 PMID: 36226216 PMCID: PMC9550370 DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1719087
Source DB: PubMed Journal: Rev Bras Ortop (Sao Paulo) ISSN: 0102-3616
Sample Sociodemographic Characteristics
| Variable | Small injury | Large injury | P Value |
|---|---|---|---|
|
| 55.82 ± 7.84 | 62.00 ± 10 |
0.035
|
|
| 0.748 | ||
| Female | 15 | 12 | |
| Male | 08 | 05 | |
|
| 0.428 | ||
| Yes | 6 | 2 | |
| No | 17 | 15 | |
|
| 0.707 | ||
| Yes | 6 | 3 | |
| No | 17 | 14 | |
|
| 0.848 | ||
| Right | 13 | 10 | |
| Left | 10 | 07 | |
|
| 0.432 | ||
| Yes | 3 | 4 | |
| No | 20 | 13 | |
|
| 0.896 | ||
| Yes | 4 | 10 | |
| No | 19 | 7 | |
|
| 0.730 | ||
| Yes | 7 | 4 | |
| No | 16 | 13 | |
|
| 1.000 | ||
| Yes | 22 | 16 | |
| No | 1 | 1 |
Significant difference (independent samples t test). Fisher's exact test or Chi-Square.
Fig. 1Use of opioids in rotator cuff repair surgery postoperative.
Pain Threshold and Descending Inhibitory System of Pain
| Small injury | P Value | Large injury | P Value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pre | Post | Pre | Post | |||
|
| 37.15 ± 2.08 | 36.17 ± 1.89 | 0.015* | 36.33 ± 2.29 | 36.34 ± 2.29 | 0.975 |
|
| 43.05 ± 2.88 | 42.58 ± 2.62 | 0.345 | 43.36 ± 2.30 | 42 ± 2.21 | 0.610 |
|
| 48.61 ± 2.70 | 48.11 ± 3.22 | 0.389 | 48.64 ± 2.42 | 46.90 ± 2.54 | 0.320 |
|
| 0.33 ± 1.76 | 0.16 ± 2.02 | 0.698 | -0.25 ± 1.87 | 0.54 ± 1.69 | 0.730 |
|
| 4.86 ± 2.83 | 4.82 ± 3.17 | 0.955 | 3.47 ± 2.87 | 4.82 ± 3.22 | 0.197 |
Data expressed as mean ± SD. *Significant difference between preoperative and postoperative evaluation. Paired t test. QST: Quantitative Sensory Testing; CPM: Conditioned Pain Modulation; VAS: Visual Analogue Scale.
Pain Catastrophism in patients with rotator cuff injury
| Small Injury | P Value | Large Injury | P Value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pre | Post | Pre | Post | |||
|
| 12.73 ± 6.18 | 13.00 ± 6.59 | 0.807 | 9.0 ± 5.12* | 10.88 ± 5.76 | 0.213 |
|
| 6.43 ± 3.89 | 5.86 ± 3.88 | 0.508 | 5.0 ± 3.29 | 4.52 ± 3.16 | 0.500 |
|
| 9.39 ± 4.37 | 9.47 ± 4.25 | 0.900 | 6.70 ± 2.95* | 7.82 ± 3.35 | 0.174 |
|
| 28.56 ± 13.40 | 28.30 ± 13.67 | 0.500 | 20.70 ± 10.19* | 23.23 ± 11.30 | 0.221 |
Data expressed as mean ± SD. *Significant difference between small preoperative and large preoperative.
Independent samples t test.
Sleep quality, anxiety and humor
| Small Injury | P Value | Large Injury | P Value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pre | Post | Pre | Post | |||
|
| 10.02 ± 3.52 | 10.71 ± 3.46 | 0.432 | 9.94 ± 3.91 | 11.02 ± 2.96 | 0.393 |
|
| 5.41 ± 3.82 | 3.84 ± 3.13 | 0.048 | 6.0 ± 3.48 | 3.52 ± 2.76 | 0.019* |
|
| 5.32 ± 2.97 | 3.71 ± 2.38 | 0.003* | 5.32 ± 2.67 | 3.58 ± 2.57 | 0.069 |
Data expressed as mean ± SD. *Significant difference when comparing preoperative with postoperative.
Paired t test.
Profile of Chronic Pain in patients with rotator cuff injury
| Small injury | P Value | Large injury | P Value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Preop. | Postop. | Preop. | Postop. | |||
|
| 26.17 ± 3.64 | 24.52 ± 5.59 | 0.081 | 23.94 ± 4.81 | 23.20 ± 6.19 | 0.648 |
|
| 27.34 ± 7.33 | 29.21 ± 7.27 | 0.250 | 25.05 ± 10.70 | 25.11 ± 10.63 | 0.983 |
|
| 11.95 ± 5.61 | 11.47 ± 6.72 | 0.606 | 10.58 ± 5.90 | 10.41 ± 6.76 | 0.900 |
|
| 64.60 ± 13.83 | 65.21 ± 15.41 | 0.797 | 59.00 ± 17.53 | 58.08 ± 21.71 | 0.856 |
Data expressed as Mean ± SD. Paired t test.
Neuropathic and nociceptive pain
| Small injury | Large injury | |
|---|---|---|
| Preoperative | Postoperative | |
| Neuropathic Pain | 15 | 06 |
| Nociceptive Pain | 08 | 11 |
Características sociodemográficas da amostra
| Variável | Lesão pequena | Lesão grande | Valor de p |
|---|---|---|---|
|
| 55.82 ± 7.84 | 62.00 ± 10 |
0.035
|
|
| 0,748 | ||
| Feminino | 15 | 12 | |
| Masculino | 08 | 05 | |
|
| 0,428 | ||
| Sim | 6 | 2 | |
| Não | 17 | 15 | |
|
| 0,707 | ||
| Sim | 6 | 3 | |
| Não | 17 | 14 | |
|
| 0,848 | ||
| Direito | 13 | 10 | |
| Esquerdo | 10 | 07 | |
|
| 0,432 | ||
| Sim | 3 | 4 | |
| Não | 20 | 13 | |
|
| 0,896 | ||
| Sim | 4 | 10 | |
| Não | 19 | 7 | |
|
| 0,730 | ||
| Sim | 7 | 4 | |
| Não | 16 | 13 | |
|
| 1,000 | ||
| Sim | 22 | 16 | |
| Não | 1 | 1 |
Diferença significativa (teste t de amostras independentes). Teste exato de Fisher ou Qui-Quadrado.
Fig. 1Uso de opioides após a cirurgia de reparo do manguito rotador.
Limiar de dor e sistema inibidor descendente de dor
| Lesão pequena | Valor de p | Lesão grande | Valor de p | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pré-operatório | Pós-operatório | Pré-operatório | Pós-operatório | |||
|
| 37,15 ± 2,08 | 36,17 ± 1,89 | 0,015* | 36,33 ± 2,29 | 36,34 ± 2,29 | 0,975 |
|
| 43,05 ± 2,88 | 42,58 ± 2,62 | 0,345 | 43,36 ± 2,30 | 42 ± 2,21 | 0,610 |
|
| 48,61 ± 2,70 | 48,11 ± 3,22 | 0,389 | 48,64 ± 2,42 | 46,90 ± 2,54 | 0,320 |
|
| 0,33 ± 1,76 | 0,16 ± 2,02 | 0,698 | -0,25 ± 1,87 | 0,54 ± 1,69 | 0,730 |
|
| 4,86 ± 2,83 | 4,82 ± 3,17 | 0,955 | 3,47 ± 2,87 | 4,82 ± 3,22 | 0,197 |
Dados expressos como média ± desvio-padrão. *Diferença significativa entre a avaliação pré-operatória e pós-operatória. Teste t pareado. QST: Teste Sensorial Quantitativo; CPM: Modulação Condicionada da Dor; EVA: Escala Visual Análoga.
Catastrofismo de dor em pacientes com lesão do manguito rotador
| Lesão pequena | Valor de p | Lesão grande | Valor de p | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pré-operatório | Pós-operatório | Pré-operatório | Pós-operatório | |||
|
| 12,73 ± 6,18 | 13,00 ± 6,59 | 0,807 | 9,0 ± 5,12* | 10,88 ± 5,76 | 0,213 |
|
| 6,43 ± 3,89 | 5,86 ± 3,88 | 0,508 | 5,0 ± 3,29 | 4,52 ± 3,16 | 0,500 |
|
| 9,39 ± 4,37 | 9,47 ± 4,25 | 0,900 | 6,70 ± 2,95* | 7,82 ± 3,35 | 0,174 |
|
| 28,56 ± 13,40 | 28,30 ± 13,67 | 0,500 | 20,70 ± 10,19* | 23,23 ± 11,30 | 0,221 |
Dados expressos como média ± desvio-padrão. *Diferença significativa entre lesão pequena, pré-operatório e lesão grande, pré-operatório.
Teste t para amostras independentes.
Qualidade de sono, ansiedade e humor
| Lesão pequena | Valor de p | Lesão grande | Valor de p | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pré-operatório | Pós-operatório | Pré-operatório | Pós-operatório | |||
|
| 10,02 ± 3,52 | 10,71 ± 3,46 | 0,432 | 9,94 ± 3,91 | 11,02 ± 2,96 | 0,393 |
|
| 5,41 ± 3,82 | 3,84 ± 3,13 | 0,048 | 6,0 ± 3,48 | 3,52 ± 2,76 | 0,019* |
|
| 5,32 ± 2,97 | 3,71 ± 2,38 | 0,003* | 5,32 ± 2,67 | 3,58 ± 2,57 | 0,069 |
Dados expressos como média ± desvio-padrão. *Diferença significativa ao comparar dados pré-operatórios e pós-operatórios.
Teste t pareado.
Perfil de dor crônica em pacientes com lesão do manguito rotador
| Lesão pequena | Valor de p | Lesão grande | Valor de p | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pré-operatório | Pós-operatório | Pré-operatório | Pós-operatório | |||
|
| 26,17 ± 3,64 | 24,52 ± 5,59 | 0,081 | 23,94 ± 4,81 | 23,20 ± 6,19 | 0,648 |
|
| 27,34 ± 7,33 | 29,21 ± 7,27 | 0,250 | 25,05 ± 10,70 | 25,11 ± 10,63 | 0,983 |
|
| 11,95 ± 5,61 | 11,47 ± 6,72 | 0,606 | 10,58 ± 5,90 | 10,41 ± 6,76 | 0,900 |
|
| 64,60 ± 13,83 | 65,21 ± 15,41 | 0,797 | 59,00 ± 17,53 | 58,08 ± 21,71 | 0,856 |
Dados expressos como média ± desvio-padrão. Teste t pareado.
Dor neuropática e nociceptiva
| Lesão pequena | Lesão grande | |
|---|---|---|
| Pré-operatório | Pós-operatório | |
| Dor neuropática | 15 | 06 |
| Dor nociceptiva | 08 | 11 |