| Literature DB >> 36226214 |
Leonardo Telles Alves de Aguiar1, Juliani Barros Moura de Vasconcelos2, Marcelo Barbosa Ribeiro1,2.
Abstract
Objective To evaluate the treatment of patients with giant cell tumors of bone treated from 2009 to 2019 in a philanthropic hospital, as well as to try and determine the regional clinical and epidemiological profile, aiming to enrich the Brazilian data set and compare our findings with those of the literature. Methods An analytical, observational, and cross-sectional study with retrospective data collection and a quantitative approach, analyzing medical records of patients with giant cell tumors treated at a philanthropic hospital from 2009 to 2019. Results We evaluated 49 medical records; 55.1% of the patients were women, 53.1% were aged between 20 and 40 years, 69.4% of the cases were Campanacci grade III, and 30.6% affected the proximal end of the tibia. The rate of pathological fractures secondary to the tumor and pulmonary metastasis was low. More than 69% of the patients underwent intralesional surgery. Recurrence occurred in 16.3% of the cases. Conclusion The criteria used for the diagnosis, classification, and treatment at our service followed the standards established by the literature, and they can guide further research and improve local prognosis in the future. Sociedade Brasileira de Ortopedia e Traumatologia. This is an open access article published by Thieme under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonDerivative-NonCommercial License, permitting copying and reproduction so long as the original work is given appropriate credit. Contents may not be used for commecial purposes, or adapted, remixed, transformed or built upon. ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ ).Entities:
Keywords: bone neoplasms; giant cell tumors/classification; giant cell tumors/diagnosis
Year: 2022 PMID: 36226214 PMCID: PMC9550368 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1744498
Source DB: PubMed Journal: Rev Bras Ortop (Sao Paulo) ISSN: 0102-3616
Fig. 1Anteroposterior radiograph of the wrist showing a lytic injury at the distal metaphyseal region of the radius, diagnosed as a giant cell tumor. Case from the Orthopedic Oncology Outpatient Clinic. Extracted from Ribeiro. 4
Distribution of frequencies and descriptive measurements of the sociodemographic and clinical variables
| Variables | N | % |
|---|---|---|
|
| ||
| Male | 22 | 44.9 |
| Female | 27 | 55.1 |
|
| ||
| < 20 years | 1 | 2.0 |
| 20 to 39 years | 26 | 53.1 |
| 40 to 60 years | 18 | 36.7 |
| > 60 years | 4 | 8.2 |
|
| ||
| Grade I | 0 | 0 |
| Grade II | 15 | 30.6 |
| Grade III | 34 | 69.4 |
|
| ||
| Distal femur | 10 | 20.4 |
| Proximal femur | 2 | 4.1 |
| Fibula | 3 | 6.1 |
| Distal humerus | 2 | 4.1 |
| Proximal tibia | 15 | 30.6 |
| Distal tibia | 1 | 2 |
| Distal radius | 6 | 12.2 |
| Metacarpus | 2 | 4.1 |
| Proximal humerus | 3 | 6.1 |
| Carpus | 1 | 2 |
| Third finger of the right hand | 1 | 2 |
| Fourth finger of the right hand | 3 | 6.1 |
|
| ||
| Yes | 1 | 2.0 |
| No | 48 | 98.0 |
|
| ||
| Yes | 2 | 4.1 |
| No | 47 | 95.9 |
Distribution of frequencies according to variables pertaining to the therapeutic modality
| Variables | N | % |
|---|---|---|
|
| ||
|
|
|
|
| Grade II | 15 | 30.6 |
| Grade III | 19 | 38.8 |
|
|
|
|
| Grade II | 0 | 0 |
| Grade III | 13 | 26.5 |
|
|
|
|
| Grade II | 0 | 0 |
| Grade III | 2 | 4.1 |
|
| ||
| Bone cement | 34 | 69.4 |
| No filling | 15 | 30.6 |
|
| ||
| Electrofulguration | 34 | 69.4 |
| None | 15 | 30.6 |
|
| ||
| Yes | 8 | 16.3 |
| No | 41 | 83.7 |
|
| ||
| Cytoreduction to facilitate surgery | 8 | 100% |
Data from patients with recurrent disease
| # | Age (years) | Gender | Time until recurrence (months) | Campanacci classification | Adjuvant therapy | Type of surgery | Use of denosumab | Tumor location |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 34 | Male | 14 | Grade III | Fulguration | Intralesional | No | Proximal tibia |
| 2 | 33 | Female | 44 | Grade III | Fulguration | Intralesional | No | Distal femur |
| 3 | 28 | Male | 50 | Grade II | Fulguration | Intralesional | No | Distal femur |
| 4 | 51 | Female | 38 | Grade III | Fulguration | Intralesional | No | Proximal tibia |
| 5 | 31 | Male | 7 | Grade III | Fulguration | Intralesional | No | Proximal humerus |
| 6 | 49 | Male | 21 | Grade III | None | Marginal | No | Proximal tibia |
| 7 | 47 | Male | 6 | Grade II | Fulguration | Intralesional | No | Fibula |
| 8 | 52 | Female | 14 | Grade III | Fulguration | Intralesional | Yes | Proximal tibia |
Presence of recurrence according to the clinical variables and surgical modality
| Variables | Recurrence | Total | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Yes – n (%) | No – n (%) | |||
|
| ||||
| Male | 5 (22.7) | 17 (77.3) | 22 | 0.440 a |
| Female | 3 (11.1) | 24 (88.9) | 27 | |
|
| ||||
| Grade II | 2 (13.3) | 13 (86.7) | 15 | 1 a |
| Grade III | 6 (17.6) | 28 (82.4) | 34 | |
|
| ||||
| Intralesional | 7 (20.6) | 27 (79.4) | 34 | 0.406 a |
| Marginal | 1 (6.7) | 14 (93.3) | 15 | |
|
| ||||
| Proximal tibia | 4 (26.7) | 11 (73.3) | 15 | 0.227 a |
| Others | 4 (11.8) | 30 (88.2) | 34 | |
Note: a Fisher exact test.
Fig. 1Radiografia em incidência anteroposterior do punho que mostra imagem lítica na região metafisária distal do rádio. Diagnóstico tumor de células gigantes. Caso do ambulatório de Oncologia Ortopédica. Extraída de Ribeiro. 4
Distribuição de frequências e medidas descritivas das variáveis sociodemográficas e clínicas
| Variáveis | N | % |
|---|---|---|
|
| ||
| Masculino | 22 | 44,9 |
| Feminino | 27 | 55,1 |
|
| ||
| < 20 anos | 1 | 2,0 |
| De 20 a 39 anos | 26 | 53,1 |
| De 40 a 60 anos | 18 | 36,7 |
| > 60 anos | 4 | 8,2 |
|
| ||
| Grau I | 0 | 0 |
| Grau II | 15 | 30,6 |
| Grau III | 34 | 69,4 |
|
| ||
| Segmento distal do fêmur | 10 | 20,4 |
| Segmento proximal do fêmur | 2 | 4,1 |
| Fíbula | 3 | 6,1 |
| Segmento distal do úmero | 2 | 4,1 |
| Segmento proximal da tíbia | 15 | 30,6 |
| Segmento distal da tíbia | 1 | 2 |
| Segmento distal do rádio | 6 | 12,2 |
| Metacarpo | 2 | 4,1 |
| Segmento proximal do úmero | 3 | 6,1 |
| Carpo | 1 | 2 |
| Terceiro quirodáctilo direito | 1 | 2 |
| Quarto quirodáctilo direito | 3 | 6,1 |
|
| ||
| Sim | 1 | 2,0 |
| Não | 48 | 98,0 |
|
| ||
| Sim | 2 | 4,1 |
| Não | 47 | 95,9 |
Distribuição de frequências segundo as variáveis de modalidade terapêutica
| Variáveis | N | % |
|---|---|---|
|
| ||
|
|
|
|
| Grau II | 15 | 30,6 |
| Grau III | 19 | 38,8 |
|
|
|
|
| Grau II | 0 | 0 |
| Grau III | 13 | 26,5 |
|
|
|
|
| Grau II | 0 | 0 |
| Grau III | 2 | 4,1 |
|
| ||
| Cimento para osso | 34 | 69,4 |
| Sem preenchimento | 15 | 30,6 |
|
| ||
| Eletrofulguração | 34 | 69,4 |
| Nenhuma | 15 | 30,6 |
|
| ||
| Sim | 8 | 16,3 |
| Não | 41 | 83,7 |
|
| ||
| Citorredução para facilitar a cirurgia | 8 | 100% |
Dados dos pacientes que apresentaram recidiva
| Número | Idade (anos) | Gênero | Tempo até a recidiva (meses) | Classificação de Campanacci | Adjuvância | Tipo de cirurgia | Uso de denosumabe | Localização do tumor |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 34 | Masculino | 14 | Grau III | Fulguração | Intralesional | Não | Segmento proximal da tíbia |
| 2 | 33 | Feminino | 44 | Grau III | Fulguração | Intralesional | Não | Segmento distal do fêmur |
| 3 | 28 | Masculino | 50 | Grau II | Fulguração | Intralesional | Não | Segmento distal do fêmur |
| 4 | 51 | Feminino | 38 | Grau III | Fulguração | Intralesional | Não | Segmento proximal da tíbia |
| 5 | 31 | Masculino | 7 | Grau III | Fulguração | Intralesional | Não | Segmento proximal do úmero |
| 6 | 49 | Masculino | 21 | Grau III | Não | Marginal | Não | Segmento proximal da tíbia |
| 7 | 47 | Masculino | 6 | Grau II | Fulguração | Intralesional | Não | Fíbula |
| 8 | 52 | Feminino | 14 | Grau III | Fulguração | Intralesional | Sim | Segmento proximal da tíbia |
Presença de recidiva segundo as variáveis clínicas e a modalidade cirúrgica
| Variáveis | Recidiva | Total |
Valor de
| |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sim – n (%) | Não – n (%) | |||
|
| ||||
| Masculino | 5 (22,7) | 17 (77,3) | 22 | 0,440 a |
| Feminino | 3 (11,1) | 24 (88,9) | 27 | |
|
| ||||
| Grau II | 2 (13,3) | 13 (86,7) | 15 | 1 a |
| Grau III | 6 (17,6) | 28 (82,4) | 34 | |
|
| ||||
| Intralesional | 7 (20,6) | 27 (79,4) | 34 | 0,406 a |
| Marginal | 1 (6,7) | 14 (93,3) | 15 | |
|
| ||||
| Segmento proximal da tíbia | 4 (26,7) | 11 (73,3) | 15 | 0,227 a |
| Outros | 4 (11,8) | 30 (88,2) | 34 | |
Nota: a Teste exato de Fisher.