Wendy W Y Choi1, Catherine Sánchez2, Jiao Jiao Li3,4, Mojdeh Dinarvand5, Hans Adomat1, Mazyar Ghaffari1,6, Leila Khoja7, Fatemeh Vafaee5,8, Anthony M Joshua7, Kim N Chi9, Emma S Tomlinson Guns1,9, Elham Hosseini-Beheshti10,11,12. 1. Vancouver Prostate Centre, 2660 Oak St, Vancouver, BC, V6H 3Z6, Canada. 2. Las Condes Clinic, Estoril 450, Las Condes, Santiago, Chile. 3. Kolling Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, St Leonards, NSW, 2065, Australia. 4. School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and IT, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia. 5. School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW, 2052, Australia. 6. Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia. 7. St Vincent's Hospital Sydney, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia. 8. UNSW Data Science Hub, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW, 2052, Australia. 9. BC Cancer Agency, 600 West 10th Avenue, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 4E6, Canada. 10. Vancouver Prostate Centre, 2660 Oak St, Vancouver, BC, V6H 3Z6, Canada. elham.beheshti@sydney.edu.au. 11. School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia. elham.beheshti@sydney.edu.au. 12. The Sydney Nano Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia. elham.beheshti@sydney.edu.au.
Abstract
PURPOSE: Extracellular vesicles (EV) secreted from cancer cells are present in various biological fluids, carrying distinctly different cellular components compared to normal cells, and have great potential to be used as markers for disease initiation, progression, and response to treatment. This under-utilised tool provides insights into a better understanding of prostate cancer. METHODS: EV from serum and urine of healthy men and castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) patients were isolated and characterised by transmission electron microscopy, particle size analysis, and western blot. Proteomic and cholesterol liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analyses were conducted. RESULTS: There was a successful enrichment of small EV/exosomes isolated from serum and urine. EV derived from biological fluids of CRPC patients had significant differences in composition when compared with those from healthy controls. Analysis of matched serum and urine samples from six prostate cancer patients revealed specific EV proteins common in both types of biological fluid for each patient. CONCLUSION: Some of the EV proteins identified from our analyses have potential to be used as CRPC markers. These markers may depict a pattern in cancer progression through non-invasive sample collection.
PURPOSE: Extracellular vesicles (EV) secreted from cancer cells are present in various biological fluids, carrying distinctly different cellular components compared to normal cells, and have great potential to be used as markers for disease initiation, progression, and response to treatment. This under-utilised tool provides insights into a better understanding of prostate cancer. METHODS: EV from serum and urine of healthy men and castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) patients were isolated and characterised by transmission electron microscopy, particle size analysis, and western blot. Proteomic and cholesterol liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analyses were conducted. RESULTS: There was a successful enrichment of small EV/exosomes isolated from serum and urine. EV derived from biological fluids of CRPC patients had significant differences in composition when compared with those from healthy controls. Analysis of matched serum and urine samples from six prostate cancer patients revealed specific EV proteins common in both types of biological fluid for each patient. CONCLUSION: Some of the EV proteins identified from our analyses have potential to be used as CRPC markers. These markers may depict a pattern in cancer progression through non-invasive sample collection.
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