Jelle Arts1, Elizabeth Drotos2, Amika S Singh3,4, Mai J M Chinapaw5, Teatske M Altenburg5, Jessica S Gubbels2. 1. Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam Public Health, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. j.arts@amsterdamumc.nl. 2. Department of Health Promotion, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands. 3. Mulier Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands. 4. Center for Physically Active Learning, Faculty of Education, Arts and Sports, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Sogndal, Norway. 5. Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam Public Health, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Many children aged 0-5 years do not meet the WHO physical activity guidelines. To develop effective, evidence-based interventions, it is necessary to understand which factors are associated with physical activity in early childhood. OBJECTIVE: To summarize the current evidence on correlates of physical activity in 0- to 5-year-old children. METHODS: First, a systematic umbrella review was conducted following PRISMA guidelines. PubMed, Embase, PsycINFO, and SPORTDiscus were searched up to May 2020 for systematic reviews examining the association between potential correlates and quantitatively measured physical activity in children aged 0-5.9 years. Included reviews were assessed on methodological quality, and results were categorized according to the socio-ecological model. Second, 31 international researchers of physical activity in young children participated in an expert panel to reflect on the outcomes of the umbrella review and propose directions for future research. RESULTS: Twenty-one reviews were included that examined a total of 98 potential correlates. When synthesizing all reviews, 23 correlates were found with consistent evidence for an association with a physical activity outcome. For most other potential correlates there was inconsistent evidence across reviews for associations with physical activity in young children. Although there was little overlap between the correlates identified in the umbrella review and determinants suggested by the expert panel, both confirmed the importance of socio-cultural, policy, and physical environmental factors in general. CONCLUSION: Multiple correlates of young children's physical activity were identified. However, various methodological challenges (e.g., measurement instruments) and the large heterogeneity (e.g., study samples, correlates, and outcome measures) hindered formulating definitive conclusions. Moreover, none of the reviews reported on the interrelatedness between correlates, which would align with more holistic understandings of behavior. Our findings indicate the urgent need for establishing a common ground in definitions, assessment methods, and analytical methods to further the field of physical activity research in this tremendously important age group. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER: CRD42020184159.
BACKGROUND: Many children aged 0-5 years do not meet the WHO physical activity guidelines. To develop effective, evidence-based interventions, it is necessary to understand which factors are associated with physical activity in early childhood. OBJECTIVE: To summarize the current evidence on correlates of physical activity in 0- to 5-year-old children. METHODS: First, a systematic umbrella review was conducted following PRISMA guidelines. PubMed, Embase, PsycINFO, and SPORTDiscus were searched up to May 2020 for systematic reviews examining the association between potential correlates and quantitatively measured physical activity in children aged 0-5.9 years. Included reviews were assessed on methodological quality, and results were categorized according to the socio-ecological model. Second, 31 international researchers of physical activity in young children participated in an expert panel to reflect on the outcomes of the umbrella review and propose directions for future research. RESULTS: Twenty-one reviews were included that examined a total of 98 potential correlates. When synthesizing all reviews, 23 correlates were found with consistent evidence for an association with a physical activity outcome. For most other potential correlates there was inconsistent evidence across reviews for associations with physical activity in young children. Although there was little overlap between the correlates identified in the umbrella review and determinants suggested by the expert panel, both confirmed the importance of socio-cultural, policy, and physical environmental factors in general. CONCLUSION: Multiple correlates of young children's physical activity were identified. However, various methodological challenges (e.g., measurement instruments) and the large heterogeneity (e.g., study samples, correlates, and outcome measures) hindered formulating definitive conclusions. Moreover, none of the reviews reported on the interrelatedness between correlates, which would align with more holistic understandings of behavior. Our findings indicate the urgent need for establishing a common ground in definitions, assessment methods, and analytical methods to further the field of physical activity research in this tremendously important age group. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER: CRD42020184159.
Authors: Risto Telama; Xiaolin Yang; Esko Leskinen; Anna Kankaanpää; Mirja Hirvensalo; Tuija Tammelin; Jorma S A Viikari; Olli T Raitakari Journal: Med Sci Sports Exerc Date: 2014 Impact factor: 5.411
Authors: Russell R Pate; Charles H Hillman; Kathleen F Janz; Peter T Katzmarzyk; Kenneth E Powell; Andrea Torres; Melicia C Whitt-Glover Journal: Med Sci Sports Exerc Date: 2019-06 Impact factor: 5.411
Authors: Brian W Timmons; Allana G Leblanc; Valerie Carson; Sarah Connor Gorber; Carrie Dillman; Ian Janssen; Michelle E Kho; John C Spence; Jodie A Stearns; Mark S Tremblay Journal: Appl Physiol Nutr Metab Date: 2012-08 Impact factor: 2.665
Authors: Mark S Tremblay; Jean-Philippe Chaput; Kristi B Adamo; Salomé Aubert; Joel D Barnes; Louise Choquette; Mary Duggan; Guy Faulkner; Gary S Goldfield; Casey E Gray; Reut Gruber; Katherine Janson; Ian Janssen; Xanne Janssen; Alejandra Jaramillo Garcia; Nicholas Kuzik; Claire LeBlanc; Joanna MacLean; Anthony D Okely; Veronica J Poitras; Mary-Ellen Rayner; John J Reilly; Margaret Sampson; John C Spence; Brian W Timmons; Valerie Carson Journal: BMC Public Health Date: 2017-11-20 Impact factor: 3.295