Susan J Hagen1. 1. Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Sciences, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Although the mucosal barrier serves as a primary interface between the environment and host, little is understood about the repair of acute, superficial lesions or deeper, persistent lesions that if not healed, can be the site of increased permeability to luminal antigens, inflammation and/or neoplasia development. RECENT FINDINGS: Recent studies have focused on focal adhesion kinase, which regulates controlled matrix adhesion during restitution after superficial injury. Actin polymerization regulates cell migration and the importance of actin-related proteins was also highlighted. Work on SARS-CoV-2 infection lent important new insights on gastroduodenal mucosal injury in patients with Covid-19 infection and work done with organoids and intestine-on-a-chip contributed new understanding about how coronaviruses infect gastrointestinal tissues and its resulting barrier dysfunction. A novel risk stratification paradigm was proposed to assist with decision making about repeat endoscopy for patients with gastric or duodenal ulcers and new therapeutic options were studied for ulcer disease. Lastly, work to support the mechanism of metaplasia development after deep injury and parietal cell loss was provided using novel transgenic mouse models. SUMMARY: Recent studies highlight novel molecular targets to promote mucosal healing after injury of the gastroduodenal mucosa.
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Although the mucosal barrier serves as a primary interface between the environment and host, little is understood about the repair of acute, superficial lesions or deeper, persistent lesions that if not healed, can be the site of increased permeability to luminal antigens, inflammation and/or neoplasia development. RECENT FINDINGS: Recent studies have focused on focal adhesion kinase, which regulates controlled matrix adhesion during restitution after superficial injury. Actin polymerization regulates cell migration and the importance of actin-related proteins was also highlighted. Work on SARS-CoV-2 infection lent important new insights on gastroduodenal mucosal injury in patients with Covid-19 infection and work done with organoids and intestine-on-a-chip contributed new understanding about how coronaviruses infect gastrointestinal tissues and its resulting barrier dysfunction. A novel risk stratification paradigm was proposed to assist with decision making about repeat endoscopy for patients with gastric or duodenal ulcers and new therapeutic options were studied for ulcer disease. Lastly, work to support the mechanism of metaplasia development after deep injury and parietal cell loss was provided using novel transgenic mouse models. SUMMARY: Recent studies highlight novel molecular targets to promote mucosal healing after injury of the gastroduodenal mucosa.
Authors: Nitish Rana; Giuseppe Privitera; Hannah C Kondolf; Katarzyna Bulek; Susana Lechuga; Carlo De Salvo; Daniele Corridoni; Agne Antanaviciute; Rebecca L Maywald; Alexander M Hurtado; Junjie Zhao; Emina H Huang; Xiaoxia Li; E Ricky Chan; Alison Simmons; Giorgos Bamias; Derek W Abbott; Jason D Heaney; Andrei I Ivanov; Theresa T Pizarro Journal: Cell Date: 2022-01-11 Impact factor: 41.582
Authors: Seung Won Lee; Eun Kyo Ha; Abdullah Özgür Yeniova; Sung Yong Moon; So Young Kim; Hyun Yong Koh; Jee Myung Yang; Su Jin Jeong; Sun Joon Moon; Joo Young Cho; In Kyung Yoo; Dong Keon Yon Journal: Gut Date: 2020-07-30 Impact factor: 31.793