S Parthiban1, A Ramesh2,3, Anbu Kumar Karuppannan4, G Dhinakar Raj1, S Hemalatha5, M Parthiban1, K Senthilkumar6, D Balasubramaniyam6, R Sumanth Kumar7, S Ranganatha7, Chintu Ravishankar8. 1. Department of Animal Biotechnology, Madras Veterinary College, Chennai, 600 007, India. 2. Vaccine Research Centre-Viral Vaccines, CAHS, MMC, Chennai, 600 051, India. drvetaramesh2021@gmail.com. 3. Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chennai, 600 051, India. drvetaramesh2021@gmail.com. 4. Vaccine Research Centre-Viral Vaccines, CAHS, MMC, Chennai, 600 051, India. 5. Department of Veterinary Pathology, MVC, Chennai, 600 007, India. 6. Post Graduate Research Institute in Animal Sciences, Kattupakkam, Chennai, 603 203, India. 7. Institute of Animal Health and Veterinary Biologicals, Bengaluru, 560 024, India. 8. Department of Veterinary Microbiology, COVAS, Pookode, Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Pookode, India.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Porcine circovirus 2 is globally noted swine pathogen with multiple genotypes associated with vast clinical and subclinical outcomes. This study aimed to isolate and characterize PCV2 genotypes circulating in southern states of India. METHODS AND RESULTS: A total of 434 field samples comprising of serum (n = 273), tissues (n = 109) and swabs (n = 52) collected from swine during 2019 to 2021 from southern states of India were screened for PCV2 by specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay. Molecular prevalence of PCV2 in southern India was found to be 12.21% (n = 53). All the 53 PCV2 positive samples were further subjected to the PCR assay with designed primers targeting full length amplification of ORF2 gene of PCV2 for molecular characterization. Randomly 32 positive samples by full length PCV2-ORF2 gene PCR were sequenced for genotyping. Signature motif and phylogenetic analysis of 32 PCV2 sequences revealed 62.5% (n = 20) prevalence of PCV2d genotype followed by 21.8% (n = 7) of PCV2h or PCV2-IM1 and 15.6% (n = 5) of PCV2b genotypes. Twenty five PCR positive field samples were subjected for virus isolation in PK15 cells and characterized. Out of 25 samples processed 5 (20%) PCV2 isolates obtained in this study were confirmed by PCR and immune fluorescence assay. Molecular characterization of PK15 adapted five PCV2 isolates confirmed circulation of PCV2d, PCV2h and PCV2b genotypes in pigs under field conditions in southern India. CONCLUSIONS: Isolation and molecular epidemiological study of PCV2 in southern states of India evidences high circulation of PCV2d genotypes in field conditions in comparison to other genotypes.
BACKGROUND: Porcine circovirus 2 is globally noted swine pathogen with multiple genotypes associated with vast clinical and subclinical outcomes. This study aimed to isolate and characterize PCV2 genotypes circulating in southern states of India. METHODS AND RESULTS: A total of 434 field samples comprising of serum (n = 273), tissues (n = 109) and swabs (n = 52) collected from swine during 2019 to 2021 from southern states of India were screened for PCV2 by specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay. Molecular prevalence of PCV2 in southern India was found to be 12.21% (n = 53). All the 53 PCV2 positive samples were further subjected to the PCR assay with designed primers targeting full length amplification of ORF2 gene of PCV2 for molecular characterization. Randomly 32 positive samples by full length PCV2-ORF2 gene PCR were sequenced for genotyping. Signature motif and phylogenetic analysis of 32 PCV2 sequences revealed 62.5% (n = 20) prevalence of PCV2d genotype followed by 21.8% (n = 7) of PCV2h or PCV2-IM1 and 15.6% (n = 5) of PCV2b genotypes. Twenty five PCR positive field samples were subjected for virus isolation in PK15 cells and characterized. Out of 25 samples processed 5 (20%) PCV2 isolates obtained in this study were confirmed by PCR and immune fluorescence assay. Molecular characterization of PK15 adapted five PCV2 isolates confirmed circulation of PCV2d, PCV2h and PCV2b genotypes in pigs under field conditions in southern India. CONCLUSIONS: Isolation and molecular epidemiological study of PCV2 in southern states of India evidences high circulation of PCV2d genotypes in field conditions in comparison to other genotypes.
Authors: P Mukherjee; A Karam; A K Chakraborty; S Baruah; R Pegu; S Das; A A P Milton; K Puro; R Sanjukta; S Ghatak; I Shakuntala; R G Laha; A Sen Journal: Infect Genet Evol Date: 2019-02-23 Impact factor: 3.342
Authors: R Anoopraj; Tridib K Rajkhowa; Susan Cherian; Rahul S Arya; Neelam Tomar; Ashish Gupta; Pradeep K Ray; R Somvanshi; G Saikumar Journal: Infect Genet Evol Date: 2015-01-13 Impact factor: 3.342
Authors: A K Karuppannan; A Ramesh; Y K Reddy; S Ramesh; R Mahaprabhu; S Jaisree; P Roy; R Sridhar; N Pazhanivel; S M Sakthivelan; C Sreekumar; M Murugan; S Jaishankar; H Gopi; V Purushothaman; K Kumanan; M Babu Journal: Transbound Emerg Dis Date: 2014-09-15 Impact factor: 5.005
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