Anja Kräplin1, Mohsen Joshanloo2, Max Wolff3,4,5,6, Klaus-Martin Krönke3, Thomas Goschke3, Gerhard Bühringer3,7,8, Michael N Smolka4. 1. Work Group Addictive Behaviors, Risk Analysis and Risk Management, Faculty of Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, Chemnitzer Straße 46, D-01187, Dresden, Germany. anja.kraeplin@tu-dresden.de. 2. Department of Psychology, Keimyung University, Daegu, South Korea. 3. Work Group Addictive Behaviors, Risk Analysis and Risk Management, Faculty of Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, Chemnitzer Straße 46, D-01187, Dresden, Germany. 4. Department of Psychiatry, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany. 5. MIND Foundation, Berlin, Germany. 6. Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Berlin, Germany. 7. IFT Institut für Therapieforschung, Munich, Germany. 8. Department of Clinical Research, Faculty of Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.
Abstract
RATIONALE: Although there is evidence that impaired executive functioning plays a role in addictive behavior, the longitudinal relationship between the two remains relatively unknown. OBJECTIVES: In a prospective-longitudinal community study, we tested the hypothesis that lower executive functioning is associated with more addictive behavior at one point in time and over time. METHODS: Three hundred and thirty-eight individuals (19-27 years, 59% female) from a random community sample were recruited into three groups: addictive disorders related to substances (n = 100) or to behaviors (n = 118), or healthy controls (n = 120). At baseline, participants completed nine executive function tasks from which a latent variable of general executive functioning (GEF) was derived. Addictive behavior (i.e., quantity and frequency of use, and number of DSM-5 criteria met) were assessed using standardized clinical interviews at baseline and three annual follow-ups. The trajectories of addictive behaviors were examined using latent growth curve modeling. RESULTS: At baseline, we found weak to no evidence of an associations between GEF and addictive behavior. We found evidence for an association between a lower GEF at baseline and a higher increase in the quantity of use and a smaller decrease in frequency of use over time, but no evidence for an association with an increase in the number of DSM-5 criteria met. CONCLUSIONS: Lower EFs appear to lead to a continuing loss of control over use, whereas addictive disorders may develop secondarily after a long period of risky use. Previous etiological models assuming lower EF as a direct vulnerability factor for addictive disorders need to be refined.
RATIONALE: Although there is evidence that impaired executive functioning plays a role in addictive behavior, the longitudinal relationship between the two remains relatively unknown. OBJECTIVES: In a prospective-longitudinal community study, we tested the hypothesis that lower executive functioning is associated with more addictive behavior at one point in time and over time. METHODS: Three hundred and thirty-eight individuals (19-27 years, 59% female) from a random community sample were recruited into three groups: addictive disorders related to substances (n = 100) or to behaviors (n = 118), or healthy controls (n = 120). At baseline, participants completed nine executive function tasks from which a latent variable of general executive functioning (GEF) was derived. Addictive behavior (i.e., quantity and frequency of use, and number of DSM-5 criteria met) were assessed using standardized clinical interviews at baseline and three annual follow-ups. The trajectories of addictive behaviors were examined using latent growth curve modeling. RESULTS: At baseline, we found weak to no evidence of an associations between GEF and addictive behavior. We found evidence for an association between a lower GEF at baseline and a higher increase in the quantity of use and a smaller decrease in frequency of use over time, but no evidence for an association with an increase in the number of DSM-5 criteria met. CONCLUSIONS: Lower EFs appear to lead to a continuing loss of control over use, whereas addictive disorders may develop secondarily after a long period of risky use. Previous etiological models assuming lower EF as a direct vulnerability factor for addictive disorders need to be refined.
Authors: Daniel E Gustavson; Michael C Stallings; Robin P Corley; Akira Miyake; John K Hewitt; Naomi P Friedman Journal: J Abnorm Psychol Date: 2017-01-02
Authors: Klaus-Martin Krönke; Max Wolff; Holger Mohr; Anja Kräplin; Michael N Smolka; Gerhard Bühringer; Thomas Goschke Journal: Psychol Sci Date: 2020-02-05
Authors: Klaus-Martin Krönke; Max Wolff; Yiquan Shi; Anja Kräplin; Michael N Smolka; Gerhard Bühringer; Thomas Goschke Journal: Neuropsychologia Date: 2020-10-31 Impact factor: 3.139
Authors: A Scheurich; M J Müller; A Szegedi; I Anghelescu; C Klawe; B Lörch; B Kappis; H-G Bialonski; S Haas; M Hautzinger Journal: Alcohol Alcohol Date: 2004 Mar-Apr Impact factor: 2.826
Authors: Rick A Stephan; Omar M Alhassoon; Kenneth E Allen; Scott C Wollman; Matt Hall; William J Thomas; Julia M Gamboa; Chrissy Kimmel; Mark Stern; Celina Sari; Constance J Dalenberg; Scott F Sorg; Igor Grant Journal: Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse Date: 2016-08-12 Impact factor: 3.829