| Literature DB >> 36188234 |
Henriette Rudolph1, Luciana Porto2, Tobias Tenenbaum3.
Abstract
Bacterial meningitis and viral encephalitis are infectious diseases of the central nervous system (CNS), mostly with severe sequelae up to a fatal outcome. Despite progress in prevention by vaccination, the global impact of bacterial meningitis is enormous. Before the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, the incidence of viral encephalitis in childhood was increasing also due to the growing incidence of emerging pathogens, such as enterovirus (EV)-A71 and West Nile virus in temperate climates as well as the wider use of immunosuppressive treatment and stem cell transplantation in childhood. The following article summarizes the data on the frequency and clinical signs of infectious CNS diseases and presents the current treatment recommendations.Entities:
Keywords: Central nervous system infections; Diagnostic imaging; Emerging pathogens; Lumbar puncture; Management
Year: 2022 PMID: 36188234 PMCID: PMC9514699 DOI: 10.1007/s00112-022-01610-9
Source DB: PubMed Journal: Monatsschr Kinderheilkd ISSN: 0026-9298 Impact factor: 0.416


| A | Positive Gram-Färbung des Liquorpräparats |
| B | Absolute Neutrophilenzahl > 1000 Zellen/µl im Liquor |
| C | Protein > 50 bzw. 80 mg/dl im Liquor |
| D | Absolute Neutrophilenzahl > 10.000 Zellen/µl im Blut |
| E | Krampfanfall im Rahmen der Erkrankung |
| – | Prokalzitonin > 0,5 ng/ml im Blut |
Kriterien A–E entstammen dem „Bacterial Meningitis Score“; Prokalzitonin wurde im Meningitest ergänzt

| Alter (Wochen) | Erreger | Antibiotika | Dauer (Tage) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 0–6 | Gruppe-B-Streptokokken | Ampicillin + Gentamicin | 14 |
| Cefotaxim + Gentamicin | 21 | ||
| Listerien | Ampicillin + Gentamicin | 14 | |
| Ceftazidim + Tobramycin | 14 | ||
| Cefotaxim + Gentamicin | 21 | ||
| Staphylokokken | Vancomycin oder Flucloxacillin | 14 | |
| > 6 | Ceftriaxon | 7–10 | |
| Ceftriaxon | 5 | ||
| Ceftriaxon | 7–10 |