Tatsunori Hanai1, Kayoko Nishimura2, Takao Miwa3, Toshihide Maeda3, Yuki Nakahata3, Kenji Imai3, Atsushi Suetsugu3, Koji Takai3, Masahito Shimizu3. 1. Department of Gastroenterology/Internal Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1194, Japan. hanai@gifu-u.ac.jp. 2. Center for Nutrition Support and Infection Control, Gifu University Hospital, Gifu, Japan. 3. Department of Gastroenterology/Internal Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1194, Japan.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Covert hepatic encephalopathy (CHE) adversely affects the clinical outcomes of patients with cirrhosis but remains largely undiagnosed and untreated. Although the Stroop test is a useful method for CHE detection, a faster, simpler, and more accurate test is required to diagnose CHE. This prospective study aimed to develop a new shortened Stroop test that can detect CHE and predict overt hepatic encephalopathy (OHE) in Japanese patients with cirrhosis. METHODS: Patients who underwent neuropsychological tests (NPT) and the Stroop test between November 2018 and December 2021 were enrolled and followed until OHE occurrence or March 2022. The discriminative ability of various run combinations in the off and on states to detect CHE was evaluated using the area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve (AUC) and compared with that of the total Stroop test time. RESULTS: Among the 227 eligible patients, the On1-2Time cutoff value of 44.4 s had a comparable discriminative ability with the total Stroop test time to detect CHE, with an AUC of 0.791, a sensitivity of 0.827, and a specificity of 0.685. During a median follow-up period of 16 months, 37 patients developed OHE. On1-2Time ≥ 44.4 s (hazard ratio [HR], 3.93; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.36-11.36) and serum albumin levels (HR, 0.28; 95% CI 0.11-0.67) were independently associated with OHE occurrence. CONCLUSIONS: The shortened Stroop test (On1-2Time) is equivalent to the total Stroop test not only for identifying CHE but also for estimating the risk of progression to OHE.
BACKGROUND: Covert hepatic encephalopathy (CHE) adversely affects the clinical outcomes of patients with cirrhosis but remains largely undiagnosed and untreated. Although the Stroop test is a useful method for CHE detection, a faster, simpler, and more accurate test is required to diagnose CHE. This prospective study aimed to develop a new shortened Stroop test that can detect CHE and predict overt hepatic encephalopathy (OHE) in Japanese patients with cirrhosis. METHODS: Patients who underwent neuropsychological tests (NPT) and the Stroop test between November 2018 and December 2021 were enrolled and followed until OHE occurrence or March 2022. The discriminative ability of various run combinations in the off and on states to detect CHE was evaluated using the area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve (AUC) and compared with that of the total Stroop test time. RESULTS: Among the 227 eligible patients, the On1-2Time cutoff value of 44.4 s had a comparable discriminative ability with the total Stroop test time to detect CHE, with an AUC of 0.791, a sensitivity of 0.827, and a specificity of 0.685. During a median follow-up period of 16 months, 37 patients developed OHE. On1-2Time ≥ 44.4 s (hazard ratio [HR], 3.93; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.36-11.36) and serum albumin levels (HR, 0.28; 95% CI 0.11-0.67) were independently associated with OHE occurrence. CONCLUSIONS: The shortened Stroop test (On1-2Time) is equivalent to the total Stroop test not only for identifying CHE but also for estimating the risk of progression to OHE.