| Literature DB >> 36156629 |
Ling Gao1, Qiang Gu2, Hong Wang1, Xingkong Ma3, Feng Xue4, Xing Zhang5, Jiachun Ge3, Tao Ding1, Weijian Shen1.
Abstract
Eriocheir sinensis is a unique freshwater crab found in China, which is well known for its rich nutrition and sweet and delicious taste. Free amino acids in Eriocheir sinensis are not only important nutrients but also are closely related to their unique taste and aroma. Therefore, the determination of the free amino acid contents in Eriocheir sinensis is of great significance for product quality evaluation, flavor research, authenticity, and origin identification. Herein we proposed an ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-HRMS)-based method for the determination of 17 free amino acids in Eriocheir sinensis. First, 5 g of the Eriocheir sinensis sample was weighed into a 50-mL polypropylene centrifuge tube. Then, 10 mL of extraction solvents was added to the centrifuge tube, and the resultant solution was mixed well using a vortex mixer. We compared a variety of solvents and finally selected 5%(v/v) perchloric acid aqueous solution as the optimum extraction solvent. The supernatant was transferred to another polypropylene centrifuge tube after centrifuging at 8000 r/min for 5 min. The extraction procedure was repeated according to the above-mentioned steps, and the extraction solution was combined with the supernatant. The extracts were then adjusted to pH 6.5 with 1 mol/L potassium hydroxide solution, and were diluted to 50 mL with water. After filtering by both qualitative filter paper and a 0.45-μm polyether sulfone syringe filter, the extracts were determined by UHPLC-HRMS. We compared three types of mobile phases and chose 0.1%(v/v) formic acid aqueous solution mixed with acetonitrile as the optimum one. Precise parent ion and ion source parameters were also optimized. The 17 analytes, viz. aspartic acid, threonine, serine, glutamic acid, proline, cystine, valine, methionine, isoleucine, leucine, tyrosine, phenylalanine, lysine, arginine, glycine, alanine, and histidine, were separated on an XDB-C18 column (100 mm×4.6 mm, 1.7 μm) with gradient elution. The amino acids were then detected by HRMS in electrospray ionization and selected ion monitoring modes, and the analytes were quantified using external standards. The instrumental detection limit (IDL) and the instrumental quantification limit (IQL) were 0.3 mg/L and 1.0 mg/L, respectively. The linear correlation coefficients were all above 0.9990 in the concentration range of 10.0-200.0 mg/kg. Three levels of free amino acid standards were spiked into the edible parts of Eriocheir sinensis. The recoveries of the amino acids were between 78.4% and 105.3%. The intra-sample, intra-day, and inter-day repeatabilities were below 4.2%, 5.2%, and 11.4%, respectively, which were within reasonable ranges. Twenty samples of Eriocheir sinensis were tested using the proposed method. Thus, in this study, we developed an alternative method for the determination of free amino acids in Eriocheir sinensis with simple pretreatment, good selectivity, and high accuracy.Entities:
Keywords: Eriocheir sinensis; free amino acid; ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-HRMS)
Mesh:
Substances:
Year: 2022 PMID: 36156629 PMCID: PMC9520373 DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1123.2022.03027
Source DB: PubMed Journal: Se Pu ISSN: 1000-8713
17种氨基酸的CAS号、精确质荷比和保留时间
| No. | Amino acid | CAS | Accurate | Retention |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Asp (天门冬氨酸) | 56-84-8 | 134.0434 | 1.88 |
| 2 | Thr (苏氨酸) | 72-19-5 | 120.0645 | 5.92 |
| 3 | Ser (丝氨酸) | 302-84-1 | 106.0491 | 1.85 |
| 4 | Glu (谷氨酸) | 56-86-0 | 148.0412 | 1.90 |
| 5 | Pro (脯氨酸) | 29795-82-2 | 116.0697 | 1.96 |
| 6 | Cys (胱氨酸) | 56-89-3 | 241.0286 | 1.82 |
| 7 | Val (缬氨酸) | 7004/3/7 | 118.0853 | 2.26 |
| 8 | Met (甲硫氨酸) | 63-68-3 | 150.0568 | 2.53 |
| 9 | Ile (异亮氨酸) | 131598-62-4 | 132.1007 | 3.29 |
| 10 | Leu (亮氨酸) | 61-90-5 | 132.1007 | 3.54 |
| 11 | Tyr (酪氨酸) | 60-18-4 | 182.0794 | 3.36 |
| 12 | Phe (苯丙氨酸) | 63-91-2 | 166.0845 | 5.92 |
| 13 | Lys (赖氨酸) | 56-87-1 | 147.1113 | 1.71 |
| 14 | Arg (精氨酸) | 74-79-3 | 175.1171 | 1.74 |
| 15 | Gly (甘氨酸) | 56-40-6 | 76.0390 | 1.83 |
| 16 | Ala (丙氨酸) | 56-41-7 | 90.0544 | 1.87 |
| 17 | His (组氨酸) | 71-00-1 | 156.0750 | 1.73 |
* [M+H]+, quantitative ion.
图 1采用3种不同提取溶剂时的氨基酸测得值
图 2采用4种含量的高氯酸水溶液提取的氨基酸含量
图 317种氨基酸标准溶液(10 mg/L)的色谱图
17种氨基酸的线性回归方程、相关系数、仪器检出限 和仪器定量限
| No. | Amino | Regression equation | R2 | IDL/ | IQL/ |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Asp | y=127.085x+1.04 | 0.9996 | 0.3 | 1.0 |
| 2 | Thr | y=361.861x+2.55 | 0.9994 | 0.3 | 1.0 |
| 3 | Ser | y=132.796x+1.04 | 0.9999 | 0.3 | 1.0 |
| 4 | Glu | y=263.056x+4.61 | 0.9997 | 0.3 | 1.0 |
| 5 | Pro | y=63.982x+7.41 | 0.9990 | 0.3 | 1.0 |
| 6 | Cys | y=616.690x+5.43 | 0.9994 | 0.3 | 1.0 |
| 7 | Val | y=454.423x+6.28 | 0.9996 | 0.3 | 1.0 |
| 8 | Met | y=437.886x+1.26 | 0.9992 | 0.3 | 1.0 |
| 9 | Ile | y=223.997x+4.16 | 0.9990 | 0.3 | 1.0 |
| 10 | Leu | y=180.349x+2.57 | 0.9996 | 0.3 | 1.0 |
| 11 | Tyr | y=777.309x+2.38 | 0.9998 | 0.3 | 1.0 |
| 12 | Phe | y=185.718x+7.09 | 0.9992 | 0.3 | 1.0 |
| 13 | Lys | y=637.939x+3.26 | 0.9994 | 0.3 | 1.0 |
| 14 | Arg | y=270.982x+2.34 | 0.9996 | 0.3 | 1.0 |
| 15 | Gly | y=474.529x+4.57 | 0.9991 | 0.3 | 1.0 |
| 16 | Ala | y=307.261x+3.88 | 0.9992 | 0.3 | 1.0 |
| 17 | His | y=435.605x+7.12 | 0.9991 | 0.3 | 1.0 |
IDL: instrumental detection limit; IQL: instrumental quantitation limit. y: peak area of the quantitative ion; x: mass concentration, mg/L.
UHPLC-HRMS 方法的精密度
| Amino | Contents/(mg/kg) (RSDs/%) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Intra-sample | Intra-day | Inter-day | |
| Asp | 72.0 (2.3) | 68.2 (5.2) | 71.5 (8.5) |
| Thr | 281.9 (1.8) | 287.5 (3.2) | 316.0 (4.1) |
| Ser | 64.1 (3.0) | 67.3 (3.5) | 66.8 (11.7) |
| Glu | 153.6 (3.2) | 169.9 (6.4) | 178.5 (3.3) |
| Pro | 1061.0 (2.2) | 1147.2 (2.6) | 1125.5 (1.9) |
| Cys | 88.6 (1.7) | 87.3 (2.4) | 89.3 (3.0) |
| Val | 2181.4 (1.3) | 2722.2 (1.7) | 2683.6 (2.1) |
| Met | 142.7 (3.0) | 145.4 (2.9) | 144.8 (3.3) |
| Ile | 120.2 (4.2) | 125.3 (3.5) | 129.9 (7.6) |
| Leu | 232.8 (3.1) | 250.1 (3.3) | 225.6 (9.8) |
| Tyr | 341.3 (2.6) | 356.0 (3.4) | 347.4 (4.1) |
| Phe | 356.6 (2.5) | 366.6 (3.0) | 369.1 (3.8) |
| Lys | 160.0 (3.7) | 144.7 (2.4) | 157.5 (1.9) |
| Arg | 252.1 (3.0) | 243.8 (2.7) | 247.0 (3.7) |
| Gly | 2630.4 (2.5) | 2898.4 (3.2) | 2737.1 (1.7) |
| Ala | 62.3 (1.6) | 65.7 (4.2) | 66.8 (5.5) |
| His | 87.5 (3.4) | 89.2 (2.9) | 83.1 (5.0) |
样品中游离氨基酸的加标回收率(n=6)
| Amino | Background/ | Spiked/ | Recovery/ | RSD/ |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Asp | 22.2 | 50 | 92.4 | 4.6 |
| 100 | 89.6 | 3.7 | ||
| 200 | 86.7 | 5.2 | ||
| Thr | 239.5 | 50 | 84.7 | 5.3 |
| 100 | 82.6 | 4.3 | ||
| 200 | 84.8 | 5.9 | ||
| Ser | 25.8 | 50 | 82.6 | 3.7 |
| 100 | 79.3 | 5.2 | ||
| 200 | 84.0 | 2.6 | ||
| Glu | 109.6 | 50 | 88.1 | 5.9 |
| 100 | 92.5 | 6.0 | ||
| 200 | 95.1 | 4.3 | ||
| Pro | 598.5 | 500 | 92.5 | 4.5 |
| 1000 | 88.3 | 6.8 | ||
| 2000 | 90.1 | 5.7 | ||
| Cys | 42.0 | 50 | 93.3 | 6.1 |
| 100 | 95.7 | 3.0 | ||
| 200 | 98.4 | 1.5 | ||
| Val | 1723.4 | 500 | 91.6 | 5.1 |
| 1000 | 85.5 | 4.7 | ||
| 2000 | 87.3 | 5.3 | ||
| Met | 96.4 | 50 | 92.7 | 6.2 |
| 100 | 89.0 | 4.6 | ||
| 200 | 95.2 | 2.8 | ||
| Ile | 82.8 | 50 | 84.6 | 4.0 |
| 100 | 86.3 | 5.8 | ||
| 200 | 83.2 | 3.5 | ||
| Leu | 208.6 | 50 | 83.3 | 2.6 |
| 100 | 82.1 | 4.4 | ||
| 200 | 80.9 | 2.9 | ||
| Tyr | 299.0 | 50 | 84.7 | 6.9 |
| 100 | 78.4 | 5.7 | ||
| 200 | 80.7 | 3.1 | ||
| Phe | 314.6 | 50 | 84.1 | 4.5 |
| 100 | 89.0 | 4.9 | ||
| 200 | 84.6 | 5.1 | ||
| Lys | 115.7 | 50 | 88.5 | 5.5 |
| 100 | 84.9 | 6.0 | ||
| 200 | 82.2 | 8.5 | ||
| Arg | 209.8 | 50 | 84.6 | 5.0 |
| 100 | 97.1 | 4.1 | ||
| 200 | 93.7 | 5.4 | ||
| Gly | 2188.9 | 500 | 88.3 | 4.3 |
| 1000 | 87.2 | 3.7 | ||
| 2000 | 85.0 | 4.5 | ||
| Ala | 18.2 | 50 | 90.1 | 4.4 |
| 100 | 82.7 | 9.7 | ||
| 200 | 105.3 | 7.1 | ||
| His | 42.7 | 50 | 84.6 | 3.8 |
| 100 | 86.9 | 5.8 | ||
| 200 | 92.5 | 4.6 |
中华绒螯蟹不同部位游离氨基酸含量(n=10)
| Amino | Male crab | Crab paste | Female crab | Crab yolk |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Asp | 4.0±3.5 | 56.8±22 | 2.6±0.8 | 7.6±5.5 |
| Thr | 214.6±46.5 | 385.2±162.5 | 262.5±40.4 | 446.8±238.9 |
| Ser | 17.2±8.0 | 19.3±6.7 | 14.7±5.1 | 20.6±11.0 |
| Glu | 91.5±15.1 | 186.4±51.3 | 80.5±9.1 | 184.6±83.8 |
| Pro | 896.1±287.1 | 484.1±129.0 | 1096.0±246.2 | 691.9±157.6 |
| Cys | 40.9±13.7 | 27.7±2.8 | 55.0±14.8 | 37.9±27.6 |
| Val | 2048.4±121.7 | 2255.3±100.0 | 1692.6±194.6 | 2071.7±209.3 |
| Met | 95.0±24.4 | 115.7±48.6 | 146.2±42.9 | 163.8±94.2 |
| Ile | 95.7±12.2 | 184.3±39.2 | 117.7±28.1 | 216.0±62.0 |
| Leu | 163.1±33.3 | 313.8±50.7 | 200.4±38.8 | 367.9±75.6 |
| Tyr | 269.5±40.3 | 432.4±130.7 | 334.0±72.7 | 539.1±277.0 |
| Phe | 267.0±60.8 | 491.6±211.9 | 336.2±59.4 | 573.6±314.4 |
| Lys | 85.3±15.5 | 129.3±43.7 | 94.8±16.5 | 154.8±70.1 |
| Arg | 312.6±62.1 | 124.0±21.4 | 313.1±46.4 | 157.2±49.5 |
| Gly | 3599.2±1330.4 | 851.1±205.8 | 4752.4±1193.3 | 1116.9±67.4 |
| Ala | 15.3±5.1 | 10.3±1.0 | 20.5±5.5 | 14.2±10.3 |
| His | 28.8±8.0 | 51.4±1.2 | 30.3±10.3 | 48.9±7.4 |
| Total | 8244.3±1840.8 | 6118.8±940.7 | 9549.6±1981.0 | 6813.6±1809.1 |