Lucrezia Pusterla1, Dragana Radovanovic1, Franco Muggli1, Paul Erne1, Andreas W Schoenenberger2,3, Renate Schoenenberger-Berzins4, Gianfranco Parati5,6, Paolo Suter7, Sebastiano A G Lava8,9, Augusto Gallino10, Mario G Bianchetti1. 1. Family Medicine Institute, Faculty of Biomedical Science, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano, Switzerland. 2. Department of Geriatrics, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, and University of Bern,, Bern, Switzerland. 3. Medizinische Klinik, Kantonsspital Münsterlingen, Münsterlingen, Switzerland. 4. Herzzentrum, Kantonsspital, Lucerne, Switzerland. 5. Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Cardiology Unit and Department of Cardiovascular, Neural and Metabolic Sciences, San Luca Hospital, Milan, Italy. 6. Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy. 7. Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland. 8. Pediatric Cardiology Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, Rue du Bugnon 46, 1011, Lausanne, Switzerland. webmaster@sebastianolava.ch. 9. Heart Failure and Transplantation, Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK. webmaster@sebastianolava.ch. 10. Cardiovascular Research, San Giovanni Hospital, EOC, Bellinzona, Switzerland.
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality. Besides traditional cardiovascular risk factors, arterial stiffness is a recognized predictor of cardiovascular risk. METHODS: We investigated the relationship between traditional cardiovascular risk factors, sex, and aortic pulse wave velocity in subjects living in a countryside area of Southern Switzerland. For this aim, we performed a cross-sectional analysis of data from adult participants of the Swiss Longitudinal Cohort Study, which, initiated in 2015, follows health status and disease risk factors in a Swiss countryside cohort at least 6 years of age. RESULTS: A total of 387 people (205 women and 182 men) were included. Hyperlipidemia, overweight, and obesity were more common (p ≤ 0.001) and LDL-cholesterol, triglycerides, and hemoglobin A1c were higher (p < 0.03) in men than women. Systolic and diastolic brachial and aortic blood pressures were higher in men (p < 0.02), whereas aortic pulse wave velocity and aortic pulse pressure were higher in women (p < 0.05). The aortic pulse wave velocity was significantly higher in subjects with hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes, and obesity, and significantly increased with age (p < 0.0001). Multiple linear regression analysis showed a significant correlation between pulse wave velocity and age, female sex, brachial systolic blood pressure, and heart rate (p < 0.005). CONCLUSION: Also in a countryside area, the aortic pulse wave velocity is higher in subjects with hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes and obesity, and significantly increases with age. Furthermore, with advancing age, aortic pulse wave velocity is higher in women than men. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier, NCT02282748.
INTRODUCTION: Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality. Besides traditional cardiovascular risk factors, arterial stiffness is a recognized predictor of cardiovascular risk. METHODS: We investigated the relationship between traditional cardiovascular risk factors, sex, and aortic pulse wave velocity in subjects living in a countryside area of Southern Switzerland. For this aim, we performed a cross-sectional analysis of data from adult participants of the Swiss Longitudinal Cohort Study, which, initiated in 2015, follows health status and disease risk factors in a Swiss countryside cohort at least 6 years of age. RESULTS: A total of 387 people (205 women and 182 men) were included. Hyperlipidemia, overweight, and obesity were more common (p ≤ 0.001) and LDL-cholesterol, triglycerides, and hemoglobin A1c were higher (p < 0.03) in men than women. Systolic and diastolic brachial and aortic blood pressures were higher in men (p < 0.02), whereas aortic pulse wave velocity and aortic pulse pressure were higher in women (p < 0.05). The aortic pulse wave velocity was significantly higher in subjects with hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes, and obesity, and significantly increased with age (p < 0.0001). Multiple linear regression analysis showed a significant correlation between pulse wave velocity and age, female sex, brachial systolic blood pressure, and heart rate (p < 0.005). CONCLUSION: Also in a countryside area, the aortic pulse wave velocity is higher in subjects with hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes and obesity, and significantly increases with age. Furthermore, with advancing age, aortic pulse wave velocity is higher in women than men. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier, NCT02282748.
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