Song Gao1, Liping Shan2, Mo Zhang2, Yan Wang3, Xi Zhan3, Yalei Yin3, Zhonghao Jiang4, Xinyi Tao5,6, Xinyu Li7,8, Mingliang Ye9, Yang Liu10,11. 1. Department of Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, China. 2. Department of Urology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, China. 3. (CAS) Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, China Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China. 4. Department of Hepatobiliary and Splenic Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, China. 5. Department of Gastroenterology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, China. 6. Innovative Research Center for Integrated Cancer Omics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, China. 7. Department of Gastroenterology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, China. lixy2@sj-hospital.org. 8. Innovative Research Center for Integrated Cancer Omics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, China. lixy2@sj-hospital.org. 9. (CAS) Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, China Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China. mingliang@dicp.ac.cn. 10. Department of Gastroenterology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, China. yliuqq1980@hotmail.com. 11. Innovative Research Center for Integrated Cancer Omics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, China. yliuqq1980@hotmail.com.
Abstract
PURPOSE: Bladder carcinoma (BLCA) is the most common urinary tract malignancy and exhibits a poor response to chemotherapy. Protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) is a serine/threonine phosphatase involved in a wide variety of regulatory cellular processes, including apoptosis and the DNA-damage response (DDR). LB100, a small molecule inhibitor of PP2A, has been shown to act as a chemo-sensitizer in multiple types of cancer. However, the anti-tumor effect and mode of action of LB100 in BLCA have yet to be identified. METHODS: In vitro and in vivo experiments were performed to assess the anti-tumor effect of LB100 alone or in combination with gemcitabine. Mass spectrometry (MS)-based phosphoproteomics analysis was used to identify the downstream substrates of PP2A and to explore the mechanism underlying LB100-induced DNA damage and apoptosis. In addition, we established a chemo-resistant BLCA cell line (RT-112-R) by prolonged drug exposure and determined the effect of LB100 in enhancing genotoxicity in BLCA cell lines and xenograft mouse models. RESULTS: We found that LB100 is sufficient to induce an anti-tumor response in BLCA cells by inducing DNA damage and apoptosis both in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, we found that PP2A potentially dephosphorylates p-p21-ser130 to stabilize p21. Inhibition of PP2A by LB100 increased the level of p-p21-ser130, subsequently leading to a reduction in p21 level in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, we found that treatment of LB100 abrogated the G1/S cell cycle checkpoint, resulting in increased phosphorylation of γH2AX in BLCA cells. Moreover, LB100 enhanced genotoxicity in chemo-resistant BLCA cells by inducing DNA damage and apoptosis in vitro and in vivo. CONCLUSION: Our findings indicate that PP2A may serve as a potential therapeutic target in BLCA through regulating p21 stability.
PURPOSE: Bladder carcinoma (BLCA) is the most common urinary tract malignancy and exhibits a poor response to chemotherapy. Protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) is a serine/threonine phosphatase involved in a wide variety of regulatory cellular processes, including apoptosis and the DNA-damage response (DDR). LB100, a small molecule inhibitor of PP2A, has been shown to act as a chemo-sensitizer in multiple types of cancer. However, the anti-tumor effect and mode of action of LB100 in BLCA have yet to be identified. METHODS: In vitro and in vivo experiments were performed to assess the anti-tumor effect of LB100 alone or in combination with gemcitabine. Mass spectrometry (MS)-based phosphoproteomics analysis was used to identify the downstream substrates of PP2A and to explore the mechanism underlying LB100-induced DNA damage and apoptosis. In addition, we established a chemo-resistant BLCA cell line (RT-112-R) by prolonged drug exposure and determined the effect of LB100 in enhancing genotoxicity in BLCA cell lines and xenograft mouse models. RESULTS: We found that LB100 is sufficient to induce an anti-tumor response in BLCA cells by inducing DNA damage and apoptosis both in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, we found that PP2A potentially dephosphorylates p-p21-ser130 to stabilize p21. Inhibition of PP2A by LB100 increased the level of p-p21-ser130, subsequently leading to a reduction in p21 level in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, we found that treatment of LB100 abrogated the G1/S cell cycle checkpoint, resulting in increased phosphorylation of γH2AX in BLCA cells. Moreover, LB100 enhanced genotoxicity in chemo-resistant BLCA cells by inducing DNA damage and apoptosis in vitro and in vivo. CONCLUSION: Our findings indicate that PP2A may serve as a potential therapeutic target in BLCA through regulating p21 stability.
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